Formation of bone tissue apatite on starch-based nanofiber-capped nanohydroxyapatite and reduced graphene oxide: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES

In the present study, blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starch (SH), nanohydroxyapatite (Nano-HA), and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) were used to fabricate an electrospun nano scaffold (ENS), via electrospinning for their potential application in oral and maxillofacial bone soft and hard tissue regeneration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The scaffold was characterized for its physicochemical and mechanical properties. An invitro study was carried out using human osteoblast MG-63 bone cells. Surface characterization, particularly the analysis of calcium content, was performed before and after immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Additionally, the impact of surface treatment on antimicrobial activity was investigated.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that the tensile strength (18.12 ± 0.14 MPa), elongation at break (19.23 ± 0.11%), and flexing index (20.15 ± 0.13%) of the ENS were outstanding, indicating promising performance. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays demonstrated the biocompatible nature of the ENS. The bioactivity test result of ENS showed excellent deposition of bone apatite crystals. The ENS exhibited antimicrobial properties against E. coli (3.41 ± 0.03 mm) and S. aureus (3.12 ± 0.08 mm).

CONCLUSIONS

The ENS, possessing the desired properties, has the potential to be tested in large animals for oral and maxillofacial bone and soft tissue regeneration after obtaining the necessary approvals. The developed ENS offers a promising solution for bone tissue regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial region.