Covele Alfredo A, van Niekerk Dewald, Cilliers Dirk
African Centre for Disaster Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Department of Electrotech, Faculty of Engineer, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
Jamba. 2024 Oct 30;16(2):1799. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v16i2.1799. eCollection 2024.
Effective legislative framework is the cornerstone of managing hazards and disasters because they have become policy problems of global and local concern. This research study aims at understanding the implementation, strengths and gaps of policies related to Eco-DRR in SADC member states. In particular, attempts to critically analyse the making of DRM policies, as well as the variables underpinning these policies, given the high level of disaster losses. A literature survey was conducted to contextualise and conceptualise statutory and policy-based Eco-DRR. Academic literature on Eco-DRR and related policies, journal articles and related policies, official documents in SADC states including policies, acts, legislations, strategies, frameworks and plans were consulted. The analysis revealed that the Eco-DRR approaches have not yet been mainstreamed as part of standards of DRM in most of SADC member states, opting largely on ad hoc practice. Short-term plans and/or strategies don't help to articulate funding and programme priorities. In addition, irregular updating of policies in some member states and a lack of following up mechanisms were noted.
To change this reality, it is necessary to include Eco-DRR in strategies and/or plans and to standardise ecosystem-based measures for reducing disaster risks. Additionally, there is an urgent need for empowerment of the existing institutions and creation of networks that are driven by SADC institutions. Overall, it is evident that there is a regional interest and demand to apply and standardise ecosystem-based approaches and natural or green infrastructure solutions toward Eco-DRR.
有效的立法框架是管理灾害和灾难的基石，因为它们已成为全球和地方关注的政策问题。本研究旨在了解南部非洲发展共同体（SADC）成员国与生态灾害风险减少（Eco-DRR）相关政策的实施情况、优势和差距。鉴于灾害损失程度较高，特别尝试批判性地分析灾害风险管理（DRM）政策的制定以及支撑这些政策的变量。开展了一项文献调查，以便将基于法规和政策的生态灾害风险减少进行背景化和概念化。查阅了关于生态灾害风险减少及相关政策的学术文献、期刊文章及相关政策、南部非洲发展共同体国家的官方文件，包括政策、法案、立法、战略、框架和计划。分析表明，在大多数南部非洲发展共同体成员国，生态灾害风险减少方法尚未作为灾害风险管理标准的一部分被主流化，很大程度上仍采用临时做法。短期计划和/或战略无助于明确资金和项目优先事项。此外，还注意到一些成员国政策更新不规律以及缺乏跟进机制。
为改变这一现状，有必要将生态灾害风险减少纳入战略和/或计划，并对基于生态系统的减少灾害风险措施进行标准化。此外，迫切需要增强现有机构的能力，并建立由南部非洲发展共同体机构推动的网络。总体而言，显然存在应用和标准化基于生态系统的方法以及自然或绿色基础设施解决方案以实现生态灾害风险减少的区域兴趣和需求。
