Fang Xuan, Tang Guoan, Li Bicheng, Han Ruiming
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 20;9(10):e110745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110745. eCollection 2014.
Understanding the relationship between land use change and ecosystem service values (ESVs) is the key for improving ecosystem health and sustainability. This study estimated the spatial and temporal variations of ESVs at town scale in relation to land use change in the Loess Plateau which is characterized by its environmental vulnerability, then analyzed and discussed the relationship between ESVs and land use pattern. The result showed that ESVs increased with land use change from 1982 to 2008. The total ESVs increased by 16.17% from US$ 6.315 million at 1982 to US$ 7.336 million at 2002 before the start of the Grain to Green project, while increased significantly thereafter by 67.61% to US$ 11.275 million at 2008 along with the project progressed. Areas with high ESVs appeared mainly in the center and the east where largely distributing orchard and forestland, while those with low ESVs occurred mainly in the north and the south where largely distributing cropland. Correlation and regression analysis showed that land use pattern was significantly positively related with ESVs. The proportion of forestland had a positive effect on ESVs, however, that of cropland had a negative effect. Diversification, fragmentation and interspersion of landscape positively affected ESVs, while land use intensity showed a negative effect. It is concluded that continuing the Grain to Green project and encouraging diversified agriculture benefit to improve the ecosystem service.
了解土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值（ESV）之间的关系是改善生态系统健康和可持续性的关键。本研究以环境脆弱为特征的黄土高原城镇尺度为研究对象，估算了与土地利用变化相关的生态系统服务价值的时空变化，进而分析和讨论了生态系统服务价值与土地利用格局之间的关系。结果表明，1982年至2008年期间，生态系统服务价值随着土地利用变化而增加。在退耕还林工程启动前，生态系统服务价值总量从1982年的631.5万美元增加到2002年的733.6万美元，增长了16.17%，而随着工程推进，2008年生态系统服务价值总量显著增长67.61%，达到1127.5万美元。生态系统服务价值高的区域主要出现在中部和东部，这些区域主要分布着果园和林地，而生态系统服务价值低的区域主要出现在北部和南部，这些区域主要分布着耕地。相关性和回归分析表明，土地利用格局与生态系统服务价值显著正相关。林地比例对生态系统服务价值有正向影响，而耕地比例有负向影响。景观的多样性、破碎度和分散度对生态系统服务价值有正向影响，而土地利用强度有负向影响。研究得出结论，持续推进退耕还林工程和鼓励农业多样化有利于改善生态系统服务。
