Zhu Zhiqiang, Tang Dongsheng, Qin Lang, Qian Zhenyu, Zhuang Jie, Liu Yu
School of Kinesiology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Oct 29;18:1453638. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1453638. eCollection 2024.
Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation approach, has the potential to activate neurons in deep brain regions. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying its neuromodulatory effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of TI stimulation on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the motor cortex.
40 healthy adults underwent both TI and tDCS in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, with sessions separated by at least 48 h. The total stimulation intensity of TI is 4 mA, with each channel's intensity set at 2 mA and a 20 Hz frequency difference (2 kHz and 2.02 kHz). The tDCS stimulation intensity is 2 mA. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected before, during, and after stimulation. dFC was calculated using the left primary motor cortex (M1) as the region of interest (ROI) and analyzed using a sliding time-window method. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was conducted to evaluate the effects of TI and tDCS on changes in dFC.
For CV of dFC, significant main effects of stimulation type ( = 0.004) and time ( < 0.001) were observed. TI showed lower CV of dFC than tDCS in the left postcentral gyrus ( < 0.001). TI-T2 displayed lower CV of dFC than TI-T1 in the left precentral gyrus ( < 0.001). For mean dFC, a significant main effect of time was found ( < 0.001). TI-T2 showed higher mean dFC than tDCS-T2 in the left postcentral gyrus ( = 0.018). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences between time points in both TI and tDCS groups, primarily in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (all < 0.001). Results were consistent across different window sizes.
20 Hz TI stimulation altered dFC in the primary motor cortex, leading to a significant decreasing variability and increasing mean connectivity strength in dFC. This outcome indicates that the 20 Hz TI frequency interacted with the motor cortex's natural resonance.
时间干扰（TI）刺激是一种创新的非侵入性脑刺激方法，有激活深部脑区神经元的潜力。然而，其神经调节作用的动态机制尚未完全明确。本研究旨在探究TI刺激对运动皮层动态功能连接性（dFC）的影响。
40名健康成年人以双盲、随机交叉设计接受TI和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS），两次刺激之间间隔至少48小时。TI的总刺激强度为4毫安，每个通道的强度设定为2毫安，频率差为20赫兹（2千赫和2.02千赫）。tDCS的刺激强度为2毫安。在刺激前、刺激期间和刺激后收集静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据。以左侧初级运动皮层（M1）作为感兴趣区（ROI）计算dFC，并采用滑动时间窗口法进行分析。进行双向重复测量方差分析（组×时间）以评估TI和tDCS对dFC变化的影响。
对于dFC的变异系数（CV），观察到刺激类型（P = 0.004）和时间（P < 0.001）的显著主效应。在左侧中央后回，TI的dFC的CV低于tDCS（P < 0.001）。在左侧中央前回，TI-T2的dFC的CV低于TI-T1（P < 0.001）。对于平均dFC，发现时间有显著主效应（P < 0.001）。在左侧中央后回，TI-T2的平均dFC高于tDCS-T2（P = 0.018）。组内比较显示，TI组和tDCS组各时间点之间存在显著差异，主要在左侧中央前回和中央后回（均P < 0.001）。不同窗口大小的结果一致。
20赫兹的TI刺激改变了初级运动皮层的dFC，导致dFC的变异性显著降低，平均连接强度增加。这一结果表明20赫兹的TI频率与运动皮层的自然共振相互作用。
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