Souto Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso, Corassa Rafael Belo, Souto Júnior José Veloso, Morais Neto Otaliba Libânio
Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Integral Geriatric Medical Assistance-Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Nov 14;4(11):e0003225. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003225. eCollection 2024.
Disabilities are a serious public health, social and human rights issue. Few studies address the relationship between disabilities and functioning among older adults. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of disability and its' association with comorbidities and functional limitations in Brazilian elderly individuals.
Data from the National Health Survey-PNS 2019 was used. Prevalence rates with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for variables of interest. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression were conducted to investigate associations and estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) using Stata 17.0 software. The critical value (p<0.05) was considered.
The overall prevalence of disability was 58.3% (95% CI 57.2-59.4). Moderate/severe disabilities accounted for 24.1 (95% CI 23.1-25.1) and was high among elderly people females (27.9%, 95% CI 26.5-29.3), unemployed (28.4%, 95% CI 27.3-29.6), with an income of up to one minimum wage (30.6%, 95% CI 29.1-32.2), lower education (28.7%, 95% CI 27.5-29.9) and not married (28.5%, 95% CI 27.1-29.9). Crude odds ratios of having functional limitations were 4.5 times higher among individuals with three or more comorbidities, and 32.5 times higher among those with two or more disabilities, compared to those without these conditions.
Having a disability is an important predictor of functional limitations, especially among women, and people with lower income and education. To address this problem, public health policies such as encouraging physical activity among the elderly in Brazil should be implemented.
残疾是一个严重的公共卫生、社会和人权问题。很少有研究探讨老年人中残疾与功能之间的关系。本研究旨在估计巴西老年人中残疾的患病率及其与合并症和功能限制的关联。
使用了2019年全国健康调查（PNS）的数据。对感兴趣的变量估计患病率及其相应的95%置信区间（CI）。使用Stata 17.0软件进行卡方检验和多元逻辑回归，以研究关联并估计粗比值比和调整后的比值比（OR）。考虑临界值（p<0.05）。
残疾的总体患病率为58.3%（95%CI 57.2 - 59.4）。中度/重度残疾占24.1%（95%CI 23.1 - 25.1），在老年女性（27.9%，95%CI 26.5 - 29.3）、失业者（28.4%，95%CI 27.3 - 29.6）、收入至多为一个最低工资者（30.6%，95%CI 29.1 - 32.2）、受教育程度较低者（28.7%，95%CI 27.5 - 29.9）和未婚者（28.5%，95%CI 27.1 - 29.9）中较高。与没有这些情况的人相比，有三种或更多合并症的个体出现功能限制的粗比值比高4.5倍，有两种或更多残疾的个体高32.5倍。
残疾是功能限制的一个重要预测因素，尤其是在女性以及收入和教育水平较低的人群中。为解决这一问题，应实施公共卫生政策，如鼓励巴西老年人进行体育活动。
