Hawassa Town Department of Agriculture, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Res Vet Sci. 2024 Dec;181:105447. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105447. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
Metritis has considerable economic impact on dairy herd profitability due largely to reduced reproductive performance. Studies in Ethiopia only report prevalence, with no available data on the incidence of metritis. The present prospective cohort study aimed to estimate the incidence of puerperal metritis, identify risk factors, and isolate the causative bacteria in dairy cows in Hawassa. Daily follow-up of 120 dairy cows from parturition to 21 days postpartum was carried out from November 2019 to February 2021. Of these, 21 developed puerperal metritis with an incidence rate of 0.94 cases per 100 cow days at risk (95 % CI: 0.6-1.4). The cumulative incidence was found to be 17.5 % (95 % CI: 11.8-25.6). Over 90 % of the puerperal metritis occurred within the first 10 days of parturition. The mean day of occurrence of puerperal metritis was 7.7 days postpartum and the mean rectal temperature in metritic cows was 40.5 °C. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) (p < 0.001) emerged as the only predisposing factor for metritis in the final Cox regression model. Cows with RFM faced a 14.9 times higher risk of metritis compared to cows without RFM. A total of 52 bacterial isolates, belonging to 4 genera, were recovered from the aerobic culture of 21 uterine swab samples. E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria, with recovery from 21 (100 %) and 20 (95.2 %) of the metritic uteri, respectively. Results of this study suggested the importance of reducing incidence of RFM to reduce incidence of metritis in dairy cows.
子宫内膜炎会极大地影响奶牛场的盈利能力，主要是因为繁殖性能下降。在埃塞俄比亚的研究仅报告了患病率，而没有关于子宫内膜炎发病率的数据。本前瞻性队列研究旨在估计产后子宫内膜炎的发病率，确定风险因素，并分离奶牛中的致病细菌。从 2019 年 11 月至 2021 年 2 月，对 120 头奶牛进行了从分娩到产后 21 天的每日随访。其中，21 头发生了产后子宫内膜炎，发病率为每 100 头奶牛风险日 0.94 例（95%CI：0.6-1.4）。累积发病率为 17.5%（95%CI：11.8-25.6）。超过 90%的产后子宫内膜炎发生在分娩后的前 10 天内。产后子宫内膜炎发生的平均天数为产后 7.7 天，患子宫内膜炎的奶牛直肠温度平均为 40.5°C。胎衣不下（RFM）（p<0.001）是最终 Cox 回归模型中子宫内膜炎的唯一诱发因素。有 RFM 的奶牛患子宫内膜炎的风险比没有 RFM 的奶牛高 14.9 倍。从 21 个子宫拭子样本的需氧培养中共分离出 52 株细菌，属于 4 个属。大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌属是最常分离到的细菌，分别从 21（100%）和 20（95.2%）个患子宫内膜炎的子宫中分离到。本研究结果表明，减少 RFM 的发病率对于降低奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率非常重要。
