Wu Yiyang, Zhao Siran, Wang Jiandong, Chen Yujuan, Li Hongmei, Li Jin-Ping, Kan Ying, Zhang Tianji
Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China.
Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec;282(Pt 6):137603. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137603. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear high molecular weight polymer ubiquitously distributed in humans and animals. The D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine repeating disaccharide backbone along with variable secondary and tertiary structures endows HA with unique rheological characteristics as well as diverse biological functions such as maintaining tissue homeostasis and mediating cell functions. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, viscoelasticity and moisturizing properties, natural HA and its chemically modified derivatives are widely used in medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. For broad application purposes, abundant HA-based biochemical products have been developed, including the methodologies for characterization of these products. This review provides an overview focusing on the methods used for determining HA structure as well as the strategies for constructing its derivatives. Apart from the analytical approaches for defining the physicochemical properties of HA (e.g., molecular weight, rheology and swelling capacity), quantitative methods for assessing the purity of HA-based materials are discussed. In addition, the biological functions and potential applications of HA and its derivatives are briefly embarked and perspectives in methodological development are discussed.
透明质酸（HA）是一种线性高分子量聚合物，广泛分布于人类和动物体内。由D-葡萄糖醛酸和N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺重复二糖主链以及可变的二级和三级结构赋予了HA独特的流变学特性以及多种生物学功能，如维持组织稳态和介导细胞功能。由于其优异的生物相容性、生物降解性、粘弹性和保湿性能，天然HA及其化学修饰衍生物广泛应用于医疗、制药、食品和化妆品行业。为了实现广泛的应用目的，已经开发了大量基于HA的生化产品，包括这些产品表征的方法。本综述提供了一个概述，重点关注用于确定HA结构的方法以及构建其衍生物的策略。除了用于定义HA物理化学性质的分析方法（例如分子量、流变学和溶胀能力）外，还讨论了评估基于HA材料纯度的定量方法。此外，简要阐述了HA及其衍生物的生物学功能和潜在应用，并讨论了方法学发展的前景。
