Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Health Place. 2024 Nov;90:103374. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103374. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
The nutrition transition underway in South Asia is likely mediated by changes to the food environment. Yet, few studies have been conducted in rural areas of South Asia to describe how the food environment has changed.
This analysis assessed changes in household availability of and proximity to markets, grocery shops, and tea shops over a 16-year time period in Gaibandha, Bangladesh.
We analyzed household demographic and geospatial data collected at 3 time points from 2004 to 2020 in a contiguous rural area (435 km). We defined availability as number of food vendors within 400- and 1600-m radius of households and proximity as distance to nearest vendor. We used linear and Poisson models to estimate associations between household socioeconomic status (SES) and food vendor availability and proximity. We used multi-level models to conduct similar analyses for community-level urbanicity.
From 2004 to 2020, the numbers of markets, grocery shops and tea shops increased by 21%, 66% and 270%, respectively. Food vendor proximity did not change by household SES, but less urban households witnessed larger increases in proximity to markets (p for interaction<0.001) and tea shops (p for interaction<0.001) over time. Grocery shop and tea shop availability was initially higher and increased more over time for households in higher urbanicity areas (p for interaction<0.001).
Over a 16-year period, this rural area of Bangladesh became more urbanized, increasing the availability of and proximity to markets, grocery shops, and tea shops. Further research is needed to see how these changes impact rural residents' intake and nutritional status.
南亚正在进行的营养转型可能是由食品环境的变化引起的。然而，在南亚农村地区，很少有研究描述食品环境发生了怎样的变化。
本分析评估了在孟加拉国加伊班达（Gaibandha）的 16 年时间内，家庭获得和接近市场、杂货店和茶馆的情况发生了怎样的变化。
我们分析了在连续的农村地区（435 公里），从 2004 年到 2020 年收集的 3 个时间点的家庭人口统计和地理空间数据。我们将供应定义为家庭周围 400-1600 米半径内的食品供应商数量，将接近程度定义为到最近供应商的距离。我们使用线性和泊松模型来估计家庭社会经济地位（SES）与食品供应商供应和接近程度之间的关联。我们使用多层次模型对社区层面的城市化水平进行了类似的分析。
从 2004 年到 2020 年，市场、杂货店和茶馆的数量分别增加了 21%、66%和 270%。家庭 SES 并未改变食品供应商的接近程度，但较不城市化的家庭见证了到市场（交互作用 p<0.001）和茶馆（交互作用 p<0.001）的接近程度更大的增加。杂货店和茶馆的供应最初较高，且在时间上增加更多，出现在城市化程度较高的家庭（交互作用 p<0.001）。
在 16 年的时间里，孟加拉国的这个农村地区变得更加城市化，增加了市场、杂货店和茶馆的供应和接近程度。需要进一步研究这些变化如何影响农村居民的摄入量和营养状况。
