Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Science, Samara University, Semera, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 16;14(1):28266. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78596-9.
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment globally. Limited information existed on the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy at the national level in Ethiopia. Thus, the objective of this review was to determine the pooled prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using previous primary studies that were found in electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINHAL, Google Scholar, and online African journals. We evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale. The random-effects model was applied because heterogeneity was expected. I-Square and the Cochrane Q statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Publication bias was examined using Egger's test and a funnel plot. A random-effect meta-analysis was applied to pool the odds ratios of risk factors to determine the association between the independent and dependent variables. After 598 articles were found, 22 studies that met the eligibility requirements were included. The pooled prevalence of retinopathy among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia was 24.35% (95% CI: 18.88-29.83), with considerable heterogeneity (I = 98.18%, p < 0.001). Ten years and longer with diabetes (AOR = 4.36, 95% CI: 1.71-7.01), hypertension (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.45-3.63), poor glycemic control (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.62-6.04), and positive proteinuria (AHR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.02-2.07) were risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. Retinopathy affects one in four patients with diabetes. Diabetic patients with longer duration, hypertension, poor glycemic control, and positive proteinuria should receive special care.
糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的一种并发症，是全球范围内导致失明和视力损害的主要原因。在埃塞俄比亚，关于国家层面糖尿病视网膜病变的流行病学信息有限。因此，本综述的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率及其相关危险因素的汇总患病率。我们使用之前在电子数据库（如 Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、CINHAL、Google Scholar 和在线非洲期刊）中找到的原始研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华评估量表评估了纳入研究的质量。由于预计存在异质性，因此应用了随机效应模型。我们使用 I 平方和 Cochrane Q 统计量评估异质性。使用 Egger 检验和漏斗图检查发表偏倚。应用随机效应荟萃分析汇总风险因素的优势比，以确定独立和依赖变量之间的关联。在发现 598 篇文章后，纳入了 22 项符合入选标准的研究。埃塞俄比亚糖尿病患者视网膜病变的总体患病率为 24.35%（95%CI：18.88-29.83），存在很大的异质性（I=98.18%，p<0.001）。糖尿病病程 10 年及以上（AOR=4.36，95%CI：1.71-7.01）、高血压（AOR=2.54，95%CI：1.45-3.63）、血糖控制不佳（AOR=3.83，95%CI：1.62-6.04）和蛋白尿阳性（AHR=1.55，95%CI：1.02-2.07）是糖尿病视网膜病变的危险因素。每四名糖尿病患者中就有一名患有视网膜病变。病程较长、患有高血压、血糖控制不佳和蛋白尿阳性的糖尿病患者应接受特别护理。
