Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
Environ Health. 2024 Nov 18;23(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01140-9.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly utilized in consumer products. While earlier studies have suggested potential impacts of certain PFAS on serum concentrations of vitamin D, these investigations were constrained to a limited set of conventional PFAS. Moreover, they did not specifically focus on populations with longer duration of PFAS exposure and potentially higher blood PFAS levels, such as older adults, and lacked adequate evidence to examine sex-related disparities.
This observational investigation utilized cross-sectional data obtained from the U.S. NHANES spanning the years 2003 to 2018. Survey-weighted multiple regression models were employed to evaluate the relationship between PFAS exposure and vitamin D concentrations. Multi-pollutant models were employed to evaluate the association between PFAS mixtures and vitamin D concentrations. Subsequently, environmental risk scores (ERS) were constructed to gauge associations with vitamin D concentrations. ERS was computed through a weighted linear combination of PFAS, utilizing calculations from ridge regression and adaptive elasticity network (adENET) methodologies. All analyses were stratified by sex.
The study encompassed 3,853 older adults. Our analysis revealed a negative association between PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and MeFOSAA and serum vitamin D concentrations. In analyses examining mixed exposures, various models consistently indicated an inverse association between PFAS mixed exposure and vitamin D concentrations. Moreover, an increase in ERS of PFAS across the interquartile range was associated with a decrease in vitamin D concentrations (Q4 vs. Q1, adENET: β: -0.083, 95% CI: -0.117, -0.048; ridge regression: β: -0.077, 95% CI: -0.111, -0.042). Notably, these associations were exclusively observed within the female population.
Our study indicates that heightened exposure to PFAS correlates with diminished serum vitamin D concentrations in females aged 60 years and older, evident in both single and mixed exposures. These findings find support in in vitro mechanistic studies, suggesting that PFAS may impact the metabolism of 25(OH)D, consequently affecting vitamin D concentrations.
全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 广泛应用于消费品中。虽然早期研究表明某些 PFAS 可能会影响血清维生素 D 浓度，但这些研究仅限于有限的常规 PFAS。此外，它们并没有特别关注暴露于 PFAS 时间更长且血液 PFAS 水平可能更高的人群，如老年人，并且缺乏足够的证据来研究与性别相关的差异。
本观察性研究利用了美国 NHANES 在 2003 年至 2018 年期间获得的横断面数据。采用调查加权多元回归模型评估 PFAS 暴露与维生素 D 浓度之间的关系。采用多污染物模型评估 PFAS 混合物与维生素 D 浓度之间的关联。随后，构建环境风险评分 (ERS) 来评估与维生素 D 浓度的关联。ERS 通过 PFAS 的加权线性组合计算得出，利用岭回归和自适应弹性网络 (adENET) 方法进行计算。所有分析均按性别分层。
该研究纳入了 3853 名老年人。我们的分析表明，PFOA、PFOS、PFNA 和 MeFOSAA 与血清维生素 D 浓度呈负相关。在分析混合暴露的模型中，各种模型均一致表明 PFAS 混合暴露与维生素 D 浓度呈负相关。此外，PFAS 的 ERS 每增加一个四分位距，维生素 D 浓度就会降低（四分位距 Q4 与 Q1 相比，adENET：β：-0.083，95%CI：-0.117，-0.048；岭回归：β：-0.077，95%CI：-0.111，-0.042）。值得注意的是，这些关联仅在女性人群中观察到。
我们的研究表明，在 60 岁及以上的女性中，PFAS 暴露水平升高与血清维生素 D 浓度降低相关，无论是单一暴露还是混合暴露都存在这种关联。这些发现与体外机制研究相吻合，表明 PFAS 可能会影响 25(OH)D 的代谢，从而影响维生素 D 浓度。
