Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuussuaq, Greenland.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2024 Dec;83(1):2425467. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2425467. Epub 2024 Nov 17.
The Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program Human Health Assessment report 2021 presents a summary of the presence of environmental contaminants in human populations across the circumpolar Arctic and related health effects. Based on this report the objective of this paper is giving a short summary of the health effects related to the current level of persistent organic pollutants (POP) and metals. The overall key findings are as follows: i. metals and POP (polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)) in the Arctic have known adverse health impacts on humans especially on developing foetuses and children. Lifestyle, diet and nutrition and genetics influence the risk; ii. POP and metals negatively impact the brain and immune system, increasing the risk of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes later in life and negatively affect foetal growth and development: iii. marine food omega-3 fatty acids can diminish adverse effects of high mercury exposure on cardiovascular and neurological outcomes; iv. the interaction of genetic, lifestyle, nutrition status and contaminants can influence the risk of cancer, metabolic disease, nervous system disorders, disruption of reproduction and foetal and child growth. Future investigations must focus on genetically and effect modifiers and mixtures of POP exposures to explore the effect of chemical interaction on health outcomes.
北极监测评估计划人类健康评估报告 2021 年概述了环北极地区人类群体中环境污染物的存在及其相关健康影响。基于该报告,本文的目的是简要总结与当前持久性有机污染物 (POP) 和金属水平相关的健康影响。总体主要发现如下:i. 北极的金属和 POP(多氯联苯、全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS))对人类健康有已知的不良影响,尤其是对发育中的胎儿和儿童。生活方式、饮食和营养以及遗传因素会影响风险;ii. POP 和金属会对大脑和免疫系统造成负面影响,增加儿童肥胖、成年后患 2 型糖尿病的风险,并对胎儿的生长和发育产生负面影响;iii. 海洋食物中的 omega-3 脂肪酸可以减少高汞暴露对心血管和神经结果的不利影响;iv. 遗传、生活方式、营养状况和污染物的相互作用会影响癌症、代谢疾病、神经系统疾病、生殖障碍以及胎儿和儿童生长的风险。未来的研究必须集中在基因和效应修饰剂以及 POP 暴露的混合物上,以探索化学相互作用对健康结果的影响。