Alhusein Nour, Watson Margaret C
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Watson Research and Training Limited, Aberdeen, UK.
Int J Pharm Pract. 2019 Dec;27(6):490-500. doi: 10.1111/ijpp.12561. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
Quality indicators are a commonly used improvement tool in health care. There is growing interest and activity in the use of quality indicators to improve community pharmacy practice.
To conduct a scoping review of the use of quality indicators for community pharmacy practice, including their methods of development and evaluation.
Electronic databases (EMBASE and PubMed) were searched to identify papers published between January 2008 and April 2018. No limits were applied for language of publication or country of origin. Studies were included if they reported empirical data regarding the development or evaluation of quality indicators. All study designs were eligible for inclusion. Duplicate independent screening was undertaken of the search results. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer.
Of the 988 records identified from the database search, 15 articles were included. The studies were conducted in 12 countries from six continents. Eleven studies described the development of quality indicators, eight of which included the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the indicators developed. Four studies examined the impact of quality indicators on practice all of which reported improvements in some aspects of quality, mainly with structure indicators rather than those relating to process and outcome.
Whilst there is a growing emphasis on promoting improvement in community pharmacy services, evidence is lacking of the effect of indicators on improving quality. Measurable process and outcome indicators are needed. The future development of quality indicators would also benefit from a multi-stakeholder approach.
质量指标是医疗保健领域常用的改进工具。使用质量指标来改善社区药房实践的兴趣和活动日益增加。
对社区药房实践中质量指标的使用进行范围综述，包括其制定和评估方法。
检索电子数据库（EMBASE和PubMed）以识别2008年1月至2018年4月期间发表的论文。对出版物语言或原产国不设限制。如果研究报告了关于质量指标制定或评估的实证数据，则纳入研究。所有研究设计均符合纳入条件。对检索结果进行了重复独立筛选。由一名评审员进行数据提取。
从数据库搜索中识别出的988条记录中，纳入了15篇文章。这些研究在六大洲的12个国家进行。11项研究描述了质量指标的制定，其中8项包括对所制定指标的心理测量特性的评估。4项研究考察了质量指标对实践的影响，所有这些研究均报告了质量在某些方面的改善，主要是结构指标而非与过程和结果相关的指标。
虽然越来越强调促进社区药房服务的改善，但缺乏指标对提高质量效果的证据。需要可衡量的过程和结果指标。质量指标的未来发展也将受益于多利益相关方方法。
