Valente Pedro Afonso, Mota Sandra I, Teixeira Ana, Ferreiro Elisabete, Sarmento Hugo, Cipriano Inês, Campos João R, Rama Luís, Oliveira Paulo J
CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Sports Med. 2025 Feb;55(2):459-472. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02139-5. Epub 2024 Nov 20.
Over the past few decades, the scientific community has recognized the impact of physical activity on health and performance. In parallel, researchers have been actively exploring novel methodologies to analyze the physiological and metabolic responses to exercise. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in this effort, offering the potential to provide unique insights into exercise-related changes at the molecular level.
The primary goal of this systematic review is to confirm the viability of utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of the biochemical changes associated with physical exercise and its potential applications.
This systematic review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and examined studies employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze exercise and physical activity, focusing on a biological sample collection and spectral analysis. Four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, and inclusion criteria encompassed original English-language studies involving human participants aged 18-50 years, a biological sample collection (urine, saliva, and blood), and the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The studies were analyzed considering the type of exercise or sport that was investigated, and also the type of spectral analysis conducted.
The review encompassed 15 studies that demonstrated the versatility of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in assessing various aspects of exercise, including metabolism, cardiovascular responses, and muscular fatigue. The largest study evaluated 57 athletes from several different sports. On average, almost all the studies were performed with around 20 athletes. Notably, the technique's holistic approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the complex network of metabolites and proteins within the human body. Data analysis methodologies, particularly when coupled with machine learning, show great potential for advancing the field of sports science.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy emerges as a promising tool for monitoring and enhancing the performance of high-level athletes, preventing overtraining or even over-reaching, and assessing metabolism. Its accuracy, efficiency, and affordability also make it a candidate for broader applications in assessing the health and fitness of the general population. Future research should explore its applicability across diverse exercise modalities and demographic groups, aiming to prescribe exercise plans that consider a multitude of parameters for larger, more intricate exercise cohorts.
The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the ID number CRD42023441965.
在过去几十年中，科学界已经认识到体育活动对健康和体能的影响。与此同时，研究人员一直在积极探索新方法，以分析运动引起的生理和代谢反应。傅里叶变换红外光谱法已成为这一研究领域的有力工具，它有潜力在分子水平上为与运动相关的变化提供独特见解。
本系统评价的主要目的是确认利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析与体育锻炼相关的生化变化及其潜在应用的可行性。
本系统评价遵循PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）指南，审查了采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析运动和体育活动的研究，重点关注生物样本采集和光谱分析。检索了四个数据库（PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science和Scopus），纳入标准包括涉及18至50岁人类参与者的英文原创研究、生物样本采集（尿液、唾液和血液）以及使用傅里叶变换红外光谱法。根据所研究的运动或体育项目类型以及所进行的光谱分析类型对这些研究进行了分析。
该评价涵盖了15项研究，这些研究证明了傅里叶变换红外光谱法在评估运动的各个方面（包括代谢、心血管反应和肌肉疲劳）的多功能性。规模最大的一项研究评估了来自几个不同体育项目的57名运动员。平均而言，几乎所有研究都是对约20名运动员进行的。值得注意的是，该技术的整体方法能够对人体内复杂的代谢物和蛋白质网络进行全面分析。数据分析方法，特别是与机器学习相结合时，在推动体育科学领域发展方面显示出巨大潜力。
傅里叶变换红外光谱法成为监测和提高高水平运动员表现、预防过度训练甚至过度疲劳以及评估代谢的一种有前景的工具。其准确性、效率和可承受性也使其成为评估普通人群健康和体能更广泛应用的候选方法。未来的研究应探索其在各种运动方式和不同人群中的适用性，旨在为更大、更复杂的运动群体制定考虑多种参数的运动计划。
该研究方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）中注册，注册号为CRD42023441965。
