Tavuz Kübra Aycan, Al-Haj Husain Nadin, Mätzener Kiren Jan, Ateş Mehmet Muzaffer, Eyüboğlu Tan Fırat, Özcan Mutlu
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2025 Jan;161:106817. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106817. Epub 2024 Nov 16.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are used to fabricate 3D-printed provisional dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of 3D-printed resins and compare their mechanical performance with those of conventional resins indicated for provisional restorations.
This study included six different 3D-printed resin materials, namely (Nextdent (ND); Temp PRINT (TP); Optiprint temp (OT); 3Delta Etemp (DE); Saremco print | CROWNTEC (SA); MED690 (ST)), and one conventional (Protemp (PT)) (Control) provisional resin material. Specimens (N = 168) were prepared (25x2x2 mm) following ISO 10477:2018 guidelines for temporary materials using a printer (Asiga MAX 3D). Post-processing was accomplished following each manufacturer's recommendation. While half of the specimens were tested after 24 H without aging, the other half was subjected to thermomechanical aging in a custom-made chewing simulator (1.200.000 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C). Flexural strength of the specimens was determined using a Universal Testing Machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Weibull modulus for each group was calculated based on parametric distribution analysis of censored data for maximum fracture load.
No significant difference was observed in mean flexural strength (MPa) when non-aged and aged conditions were compared in the OT and PT groups (p>0.05). Groups ND, SA, TP, DE, and ST presented significant differences ranging between 12.67 and 57.39 MPa (p<0.05). All groups presented lower shape and scale values in aged groups compared to their non-aged counterparts. While OT and PT maintained their flexural strength after aging, ND exhibited the highest decrease (30%), followed by DE (23.8%), SA (16.2%), TP (12%), and ST (8.6%) in descending order. Weibull modulus decreased as a function of aging except in group ST.
Significant effect of themomechanical aging especially on ND and DE materials should be considered with caution when such materials are indicated as interim or long-term interim provisional restorations. SA and TP exceeded the expectations from a provisional material compared to that of the conventional control material PT.
增材制造（AM）技术用于制造3D打印的临时牙修复体。本研究的目的是调查3D打印树脂的弯曲强度，并将其机械性能与用于临时修复的传统树脂进行比较。
本研究包括六种不同的3D打印树脂材料，即（NextDent（ND）；Temp PRINT（TP）；Optiprint temp（OT）；3Delta Etemp（DE）；Saremco print | CROWNTEC（SA）；MED690（ST）），以及一种传统的（Protemp（PT））（对照）临时树脂材料。按照ISO 10477:2018临时材料指南，使用打印机（Asiga MAX 3D）制备试样（N = 168）（25×2×2 mm）。后处理按照每个制造商的建议完成。一半试样在24小时未老化后进行测试，另一半在定制的咀嚼模拟器中进行热机械老化（1200000次循环，5°C和55°C）。使用万能试验机测定试样的弯曲强度。数据采用双向方差分析，随后进行Tukey事后检验（α = 0.05）。基于最大断裂载荷的删失数据的参数分布分析，计算每组的威布尔模量。
在OT和PT组中，比较未老化和老化条件时，平均弯曲强度（MPa）未观察到显著差异（p>0.05）。ND、SA、TP、DE和ST组呈现出12.67至57.39 MPa之间的显著差异（p<0.05）。与未老化组相比，所有老化组的形状和尺度值均较低。老化后，OT和PT保持其弯曲强度，ND下降幅度最大（30%），其次是DE（23.8%）、SA（16.2%）、TP（12%）和ST（8.6%），呈递减顺序。除ST组外，威布尔模量随老化而降低。
当这些材料用作临时或长期临时修复体时，应谨慎考虑热机械老化的显著影响，尤其是对ND和DE材料的影响。与传统对照材料PT相比，SA和TP超出了临时材料的预期。
