Synergistic photobiocatalysis for enantioselective triple-radical sorting.

Multicomponent reactions-those where three or more substrates combine into a product-have been highly useful in rapidly building chemical building blocks of increased complexity, but achieving this enzymatically has remained rare. This limitation primarily arises because an enzyme's active site is not typically set up to address multiple substrates, especially in cases involving multiple radical intermediates. Recently, chemical catalytic radical sorting has emerged as an enabling strategy for a variety of useful reactions. However, making such processes enantioselective is highly challenging owing to the inherent difficulty in the stereochemical control of radicals. Here we repurpose a thiamine-dependent enzyme through directed evolution and combine it with photoredox catalysis to achieve a photobiocatalytic enantioselective three-component radical cross-coupling. This approach combines three readily available starting materials-aldehydes, α-bromo-carbonyls and alkenes-to give access to enantioenriched ketone products. Mechanistic investigations provide insights into how this dual photocatalyst-enzyme system precisely directs the three distinct radicals involved in the transformation, unlocking enzyme reactivity. Our approach has achieved exceptional stereoselectivity, with 24 out of 33 examples achieving ≥97% enantiomeric excess.