Jain Sweny, Bhatt Jay, Gupta Sharad, Bhatia Dhiraj Devidas
Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Biomater Sci. 2024 Dec 17;13(1):161-178. doi: 10.1039/d4bm01257g.
Nanotechnology in stem cell medicine is an interdisciplinary field which has gained a lot of interest recently. This domain addresses key challenges associated with stem cell medicine such as cell isolation, targeted delivery, and tracking. Nanotechnology-based approaches, including magnetic cell sorting, fluorescent tagging, and drug or biomolecule conjugation for delivery, have enhanced precision in stem cell isolation and guided cell migration, increasing the therapeutic potential. Recent studies have focused on using nanomaterials and scaffolds to drive stem cell differentiation by activating specific molecular pathways, achieved through embedding biomolecules within the scaffold or through the scaffold's material composition and structure alone. These innovations hold promise in therapeutic applications across various diseases, including cancer stem cell targeting, neurodegenerative disorders, pre-eclampsia, cardiovascular conditions, and organoid development. This review examines recent advancements in the field, explores potential applications like biosensors and nanochips, and highlights the challenges and research gaps.
干细胞医学中的纳米技术是一个跨学科领域，近年来备受关注。该领域解决了与干细胞医学相关的关键挑战，如细胞分离、靶向递送和追踪。基于纳米技术的方法，包括磁性细胞分选、荧光标记以及用于递送的药物或生物分子偶联，提高了干细胞分离的精度并引导细胞迁移，增强了治疗潜力。最近的研究集中在利用纳米材料和支架通过激活特定分子途径来驱动干细胞分化，这可以通过将生物分子嵌入支架内或仅通过支架的材料组成和结构来实现。这些创新在针对各种疾病的治疗应用中具有前景，包括癌症干细胞靶向、神经退行性疾病、先兆子痫【注：原文“pre-eclampsia”翻译为“先兆子痫”更符合医学术语规范】、心血管疾病和类器官发育。本综述考察了该领域的最新进展，探讨了生物传感器和纳米芯片等潜在应用，并突出了挑战和研究空白。
