Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
Med Sci (Basel). 2024 Nov 17;12(4):67. doi: 10.3390/medsci12040067.
Quantum computing (QC) represents a paradigm shift in computational power, offering unique capabilities for addressing complex problems that are infeasible for classical computers. This review paper provides a detailed account of the current state of QC, with a particular focus on its applications within medicine. It explores fundamental concepts such as qubits, superposition, and entanglement, as well as the evolution of QC from theoretical foundations to practical advancements. The paper covers significant milestones where QC has intersected with medical research, including breakthroughs in drug discovery, molecular modeling, genomics, and medical diagnostics. Additionally, key quantum techniques such as quantum algorithms, quantum machine learning (QML), and quantum-enhanced imaging are explained, highlighting their relevance in healthcare. The paper also addresses challenges in the field, including hardware limitations, scalability, and integration within clinical environments. Looking forward, the paper discusses the potential for quantum-classical hybrid systems and emerging innovations in quantum hardware, suggesting how these advancements may accelerate the adoption of QC in medical research and clinical practice. By synthesizing reliable knowledge and presenting it through a comprehensive lens, this paper serves as a valuable reference for researchers interested in the transformative potential of QC in medicine.
量子计算 (QC) 代表了计算能力的范式转变，为解决传统计算机难以处理的复杂问题提供了独特的能力。本文详细介绍了 QC 的现状，特别关注其在医学中的应用。本文探讨了量子比特、叠加和纠缠等基本概念，以及从理论基础到实际进展的 QC 演变。本文涵盖了 QC 与医学研究交叉的重要里程碑，包括药物发现、分子建模、基因组学和医学诊断方面的突破。此外，还解释了关键的量子技术，如量子算法、量子机器学习 (QML) 和量子增强成像，强调了它们在医疗保健中的相关性。本文还讨论了该领域面临的挑战，包括硬件限制、可扩展性以及在临床环境中的集成。展望未来，本文讨论了量子-经典混合系统和新兴量子硬件创新的潜力，提出了这些进展如何加速 QC 在医学研究和临床实践中的采用。通过综合可靠的知识并通过全面的视角呈现，本文为对 QC 在医学中的变革潜力感兴趣的研究人员提供了有价值的参考。
