McDowell Celina, Giudicessi Averi, Martinez Jairo Enrique, Badillo-Cabrera Alex L, Bonillas Félix Nikole A, Martinez Lusiana, Munera Diana, Vila-Castelar Clara, Schwab Nadine, Ramirez-Gomez Liliana, Saldana Daniel Gilberto, Gonzalez Catalan Marta, Amariglio Rebecca, Duffy Jeanne F, Cronin-Golomb Alice, Quiroz Yakeel T
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2024 Nov 25:1-7. doi: 10.1159/000542691.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. These relations are understudied in ethnoracially diverse groups. We examined associations among self-reported OSA risk, SCD, and cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Latinos. High OSA risk was hypothesized to be associated with greater SCD and worse cognitive performance.
112 participants (40 female) from the Boston Latino Aging Study (BLAST) were included (Mage = 67.0 years [SD = 8.0]; Meducation = 11.0 years [SD = 5.1]). Participants completed the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC5; z-scores), the Berlin Questionnaire (high vs. low OSA risk), and the Cognitive Function Instrument (SCD). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) indexed global cognition. Hierarchical regressions assessed associations among OSA risk, SCD, and cognitive performance while controlling for demographics. t tests examined demographic and cognitive differences between those at high/low OSA risk.
On average, participants had an MMSE score of 25.9 (SD = 3.7, range 11-30; 37 participants with MMSE <26) and mild SCD (CFI; M = 4.2 [3.6]). OSA risk did not predict SCD (β = 0.09, p = 0.33) or PACC5 performance (β = 0.01, p = 0.92). No differences in SCD or PACC5 performance were observed between those at low versus high OSA risk (p's ≥ 0.21).
Preliminary findings suggest that self-reported OSA risk may not signal cognitive decline risk for older Latinos. Questionnaires screening for OSA may need to be used in tandem with other assessments to identify those experiencing early cognitive decline. More work with larger sample sizes is needed; BLAST data collection is ongoing.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与主观认知能力下降（SCD）以及认知能力下降和痴呆风险增加有关。在不同种族群体中，这些关系尚未得到充分研究。我们研究了社区居住的老年拉丁裔自我报告的OSA风险、SCD和认知表现之间的关联。假设高OSA风险与更严重的SCD和更差的认知表现相关。
纳入了来自波士顿拉丁裔衰老研究（BLAST）的112名参与者（40名女性）（年龄中位数=67.0岁[标准差=8.0]；受教育年限中位数=11.0年[标准差=5.1]）。参与者完成了临床前阿尔茨海默病认知综合量表-5（PACC5；z分数）、柏林问卷（高OSA风险与低OSA风险）以及认知功能量表（SCD）。简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）用于评估整体认知。分层回归分析在控制人口统计学因素的同时评估OSA风险、SCD和认知表现之间的关联。t检验用于检查高/低OSA风险人群之间的人口统计学和认知差异。
参与者的MMSE平均得分为25.9（标准差=3.7，范围11 - 30；37名参与者MMSE<26），存在轻度SCD（CFI；平均值=4.2[3.6]）。OSA风险不能预测SCD（β=0.09，p=0.33）或PACC5表现（β=0.01，p=0.92）。低OSA风险与高OSA风险人群在SCD或PACC5表现上未观察到差异（p值≥0.21）。
初步研究结果表明，自我报告的OSA风险可能并非老年拉丁裔认知能力下降风险的信号。筛查OSA的问卷可能需要与其他评估方法联合使用，以识别那些经历早期认知能力下降的人群。需要开展更多样本量更大的研究；BLAST的数据收集工作正在进行中。
