de Rose J C
J Exp Anal Behav. 1986 Mar;45(2):175-88. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1986.45-175.
Seven albino rats were exposed to a multiple schedule of reinforcement in which the two components (fixed interval and extinction) alternated such that a presentation of the extinction component followed each fixed-interval reinforcement. In baseline sessions, the duration of the extinction component was constant and always one-third of the fixed-interval value. Probe sessions contained a probe segment in which the duration of the extinction component was increased; the response rate in fixed-interval components during the probe segment was compared with the response rate in the segments preceding and following the probe. The effect of increasing the duration of the extinction component was studied under three values of fixed interval: 30 s, 120 s, and 18 s, in three successive conditions. Response rate within fixed intervals was a direct function of duration of the extinction component. Pausing at the beginning of the fixed interval decreased as extinction duration increased. These effects were larger and more consistent for the shorter fixed-interval values (18 s and 30 s). These results indicate a functional relation between relative component duration and responding. For the component providing more frequent reinforcement, this could be stated as an inverse relationship between relative component duration and response rate. This relation is similar to findings regarding the ratio of trial and intertrial duration in Pavlovian conditioning procedures, and suggests that behavioral contrast may be related to Pavlovian contingencies underlying the multiple schedule.
七只白化大鼠接受了一种多重强化程序，其中两个成分（固定间隔和消退）交替出现，使得每次固定间隔强化之后都会出现一次消退成分。在基线阶段，消退成分的持续时间是恒定的，始终是固定间隔值的三分之一。探测阶段包含一个探测片段，其中消退成分的持续时间增加；将探测片段中固定间隔成分的反应率与探测之前和之后片段的反应率进行比较。在固定间隔的三个值（30秒、120秒和18秒）下，在三个连续的条件中研究了增加消退成分持续时间的效果。固定间隔内的反应率是消退成分持续时间的直接函数。随着消退持续时间的增加，在固定间隔开始时的停顿减少。对于较短的固定间隔值（18秒和30秒），这些影响更大且更一致。这些结果表明相对成分持续时间与反应之间存在功能关系。对于提供更频繁强化的成分，可以表述为相对成分持续时间与反应率之间呈反比关系。这种关系类似于在经典条件作用程序中关于试验和试验间隔持续时间比例的研究结果，并表明行为对比可能与多重程序背后的经典条件有关。
