Levine Howard B
, Brookline, MA 02446, USA.
Am J Psychoanal. 2024 Dec;84(4):548-559. doi: 10.1057/s11231-024-09484-4.
After the death of Freud, a major thrust of the expansion of psychoanalytic theory involved the increasing recognition that the actuality of the emotional functioning of the object,-the primary objects in the infant's development, the analyst as object in the treatment process-were crucial determinants of developmental and therapeutic outcome. This recognition has been the driving force behind the evolution of various iterations of the role of interaction, inter-affectivity and intersubjectivity in two-person theories of psychic development and therapeutic action. This paper attempts to briefly trace in the work of Bion, Winnicott, Green and the Paris Psychosomatic School not only the effects of traumatic occurrences, but of their negative-i.e., the consequence of the absence of what should have been provided at crucial moments in development but was not.
在弗洛伊德去世后，精神分析理论扩展的一个主要方向是越来越认识到客体情感功能的实际情况——婴儿发展中的主要客体、治疗过程中作为客体的分析师——是发展和治疗结果的关键决定因素。这种认识一直是精神发展和治疗行动的二人理论中互动、相互情感和主体间性角色的各种迭代演变背后的驱动力。本文试图在比昂、温尼科特、格林和巴黎心身学派的著作中简要追溯不仅创伤事件的影响，还有其负面影响——即发展关键时刻本应提供却未提供的东西缺失所带来的后果。
