Volkheimer Kay, Butt Yasmin, Meyer Jens E
Depatment of Pneumology, University Hospital Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
, Hofholzallee 59, 24109, Kiel, Germany.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Feb;282(2):827-835. doi: 10.1007/s00405-024-09079-w. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
Despites a tripling of recognised occupational sinonasal adenocarcinomas in the past three decades, no comprehensive publications of the epidemiological development and histological distribution of sinonasal malignancies exist in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to analyse population-related data and address gaps in the nationwide cancer registry.
The German Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) provided a dataset covering the period from 2003 to 2015. 8332 cases were extracted, morphologically clustered and underwent descriptive analysis. Incidence and mortality rates were standardised, and overall survival (OS) probability was estimated.
Standardised incidence rates increased, averaging 1.8 for men and 1.0 for women per 100,000 inhabitants. Sinonasal cancer manifested mostly in the nasal cavity with a 5-year OS of 63%. In contrast, malignancies in the frontal sinus had a less favourable survival probability (p < 0.001). Morphologically, the tumour entities comprised 55% squamous cell carcinomas, 18% adenocarcinomas, 8% mucosal melanomas, 4% esthesioneuroblastomas and 2% sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUC). The highest 5-year OS rate was observed in esthesioneuroblastomas (59%), while SNUC (38%) and mucosal melanoma (29%) had the lowest (p < 0.001).
This study provides a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of sinonasal morphologies based on a unique dataset. Findings reveal a higher incidence and lower survival probability among men. The topographical distribution varies by sex and tumour entity. The mortality rate for patients with sinonasal cancer is moderate to high, particularly for SNUC and mucosal melanoma, with incidences of 8.4% and 2%, respectively. Hence, there is an urgent need for an optimised screening for early-stage malignancies.
尽管在过去三十年中，已确诊的职业性鼻窦腺癌增加了两倍，但德国尚无关于鼻窦恶性肿瘤流行病学发展和组织学分布的全面出版物。因此，本研究旨在分析与人群相关的数据，并填补全国癌症登记中的空白。
德国癌症登记数据中心（ZfKD）提供了一个涵盖2003年至2015年期间的数据集。提取了8332例病例，进行形态学聚类并进行描述性分析。对发病率和死亡率进行标准化，并估计总生存率（OS）概率。
标准化发病率有所上升，男性平均每10万居民中有1.8例，女性为1.0例。鼻窦癌大多发生在鼻腔，5年总生存率为63%。相比之下，额窦恶性肿瘤的生存概率较低（p<0.001）。在形态学上，肿瘤类型包括55%的鳞状细胞癌、18%的腺癌、8%的黏膜黑色素瘤、4%的嗅神经母细胞瘤和2%的鼻窦未分化癌（SNUC）。嗅神经母细胞瘤的5年总生存率最高（59%），而SNUC（38%）和黏膜黑色素瘤（29%）的5年总生存率最低（p<0.001）。
本研究基于一个独特的数据集对鼻窦形态进行了全面的流行病学分析。研究结果显示男性的发病率较高，生存概率较低。地形分布因性别和肿瘤类型而异。鼻窦癌患者的死亡率为中度至高，特别是SNUC和黏膜黑色素瘤，发病率分别为8.4%和2%。因此，迫切需要优化早期恶性肿瘤的筛查。
