CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 20;14(11):561. doi: 10.3390/bios14110561.
In response to growing environmental concerns, the scientific community is increasingly incorporating green chemistry principles into modern analytical techniques. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) have emerged as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional analytical devices, offering robust applications in point-of-care testing, personalized healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. ePADs align with green chemistry by minimizing reagent use, reducing energy consumption, and being disposable, making them ideal for eco-friendly and cost-effective analyses. Their user-friendly interface, alongside sensitive and selective detection capabilities, has driven their popularity in recent years. This review traces the evolution of ePADs from simple designs to complex multilayered structures that optimize analyte flow and improve detection. It also delves into innovative electrode fabrication methods, assessing key advantages, limitations, and modification strategies for enhanced sensitivity. Application-focused sections explore recent advancements in using ePADs for detecting diseases, monitoring environmental hazards like heavy metals and bacterial contamination, and screening contaminants in food. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as wearable wireless devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), further positions ePADs at the forefront of point-of-care testing (POCT). Finally, the review identifies key research gaps and proposes future directions for the field.
为了应对日益增长的环境问题，科学界越来越多地将绿色化学原理纳入现代分析技术中。电化学纸质分析器件（ePADs）作为传统分析器件的可持续且高效替代品而出现，在即时检测、个性化医疗保健、环境监测和食品安全方面具有广泛的应用。ePADs 通过最小化试剂使用、减少能源消耗和采用一次性设计，与绿色化学原则相契合，非常适合环保和经济高效的分析。其用户友好的界面以及灵敏和选择性的检测能力使其在近年来受到广泛关注。本综述追溯了 ePADs 从简单设计到复杂多层结构的演变过程，这些结构优化了分析物的流动并提高了检测性能。本文还探讨了创新的电极制造方法，评估了提高灵敏度的关键优势、限制因素和修饰策略。以应用为重点的部分探讨了 ePADs 在检测疾病、监测重金属和细菌污染等环境危害以及筛选食品污染物方面的最新进展。尖端技术的集成，如可穿戴无线设备和物联网（IoT），使 ePADs 在即时检测（POCT）领域处于领先地位。最后，本文确定了该领域的关键研究差距，并提出了未来的发展方向。
