Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2024 Oct 24;14(11):1356. doi: 10.3390/biom14111356.
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various ocular degenerative diseases, leading to structural and functional changes in eye tissues. This imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants significantly contributes to conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. Both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants are vital for maintaining ocular health by neutralizing ROS and restoring cellular redox balance. Essential trace elements, including iron, zinc, copper, and selenium, are fundamental for the proper functioning of these antioxidant systems. Iron is indispensable for enzymatic activity and cellular energy production, zinc supports numerous proteins involved in visual functions and antioxidant defense, copper is essential for various enzymatic reactions preventing oxidative stress, and selenium is critical for the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). This review summarizes current research on the complex interactions between oxidative stress and trace elements in ocular diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of antioxidant supplementation to mitigate oxidative damage and improve eye health. By integrating insights from studies on oxidative stress, trace elements, and eye physiology, this article underscores new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that could lead to more effective prevention and treatment of ocular diseases, aiming to enhance clinical outcomes and guide future research in optimizing therapeutic strategies for eye health.
氧化应激在各种眼部退行性疾病的发病机制中起着关键作用，导致眼组织的结构和功能发生变化。活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化剂之间的这种失衡显著导致了年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、白内障和青光眼等疾病。酶和非酶抗氧化剂对于通过中和 ROS 和恢复细胞氧化还原平衡来维持眼部健康都是至关重要的。必需微量元素，包括铁、锌、铜和硒，对于这些抗氧化系统的正常功能是必不可少的。铁对于酶活性和细胞能量产生是不可或缺的，锌支持许多参与视觉功能和抗氧化防御的蛋白质，铜对于各种酶反应至关重要，可防止氧化应激，硒对于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPX) 和硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TrxR) 等抗氧化酶的活性至关重要。 本综述总结了目前关于眼部疾病中氧化应激与微量元素之间复杂相互作用的研究，强调了抗氧化补充剂在减轻氧化损伤和改善眼部健康方面的治疗潜力。通过整合氧化应激、微量元素和眼睛生理学研究的见解，本文强调了新的诊断和治疗策略，这些策略可能导致更有效的眼部疾病预防和治疗，旨在提高临床结果并指导未来优化眼部健康治疗策略的研究。
