Abuduwaili Gulinaizeer, Huang Jia, Ma Yan, Sun Hongguang
School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi830054, People's Republic of China.
Institute for the Control of Pathogenic Organisms, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi830002, People's Republic of China.
Public Health Nutr. 2024 Nov 27;28(1):e4. doi: 10.1017/S1368980024002404.
To understand the dietary patterns of adults and explore their association with iodine nutritional levels and thyroid function in adults.
We randomly collected 5 ml of adult urine samples and measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC) by cerium arsenate-catalysed spectrophotometry. A serum sample of 5 ml was collected for the determination of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin, and diet-related information was collected through a FFQ. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and iodine nutrition levels and thyroid function was explored.
A cross-sectional study involving adults in Xinjiang, China, was conducted.
A total of 435 adults were enrolled in the study.
The overall median urinary iodine of the 435 respondents was 219·73 μg/l. The dietary patterns were PCA1 (staple food pattern), PCA2 (fruit, vegetable and meat pattern), PCA3 (fish, shrimp and legume pattern) and PCA4 (dairy-based protein pattern). The correlation analyses showed that PCA1 and PCA3 were positively correlated with the UIC. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that PCA1, Q1, Q2 and Q3 were associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 ((OR): 260·41 (95 % CI: 20·16, 663·70)), 59·89 (5·64, 335·81), and 2·01 (0·15, 26·16), respectively). In PCA2, Q3 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 0·16 (0·05, 0·53)). In PCA3, Q3 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 0·23 (0·06, 0·90)). In PCA4, Q1 was associated with an increased risk of iodine deficiency compared with Q4 (OR: 31·30 (4·88, 200·64)).
This study demonstrated that of the four dietary patterns, the least dependent staple food pattern (Q1) had a higher risk of iodine deficiency compared with the most dependent staple food pattern (Q4). However, the current evidence on the effect of dietary patterns on thyroid function needs to be validated by further longitudinal studies that include long-term follow-up, larger sample sizes and repeated measures.
了解成年人的饮食模式，并探讨其与成年人碘营养水平及甲状腺功能的关系。
我们随机收集了5毫升成年人尿液样本，采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘浓度（UIC）。采集5毫升血清样本用于测定游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素和促甲状腺激素，并通过食物频率问卷收集与饮食相关的信息。通过主成分分析提取饮食模式，并探讨饮食模式与碘营养水平及甲状腺功能之间的关系。
开展了一项涉及中国新疆成年人的横断面研究。
共有435名成年人参与了本研究。
435名受访者的尿碘总体中位数为219.73μg/l。饮食模式包括主成分分析1（主食模式）、主成分分析2（水果、蔬菜和肉类模式）、主成分分析3（鱼、虾和豆类模式）和主成分分析4（以乳制品为主的蛋白质模式）。相关性分析表明，主成分分析1和主成分分析3与尿碘浓度呈正相关。多变量分析结果显示，与第4四分位数相比，主成分分析1、第1四分位数、第2四分位数和第3四分位数的碘缺乏风险增加（比值比（OR）分别为：260.41（95%置信区间：20.16，663.70）、59.89（5.64，335.81）和2.01（0.15，26.16））。在主成分分析2中，与第4四分位数相比，第3四分位数的碘缺乏风险增加（OR：0.16（0.05，0.53））。在主成分分析3中，与第4四分位数相比，第3四分位数的碘缺乏风险增加（OR：0.23（0.06，0.90））。在主成分分析4中，与第4四分位数相比，第1四分位数的碘缺乏风险增加（OR：31.30（4.88，200.64））。
本研究表明，在四种饮食模式中，与最依赖主食模式（第4四分位数）相比，最不依赖主食模式（第1四分位数）的碘缺乏风险更高。然而，目前关于饮食模式对甲状腺功能影响的证据需要通过进一步的纵向研究来验证，这些研究应包括长期随访、更大样本量和重复测量。
