Dannemiller Karen C, Conrad Laura A, Haines Sarah R, Huang Yvonne J, Marr Linsey C, Siegel Jeffrey A, Hassan Sumaiya, King Jon C, Prussin Aaron J, Shamblin Austin, Perzanowski Matthew S
Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Sustainability Institute, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 Mar;155(3):714-725. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.11.027. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Aerosolized particles with a biological origin are called bioaerosols. Bioaerosols from plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and viruses are an important class of environmental exposures that are clinically relevant to asthma. However, there are important differences in the pathways by which various bioaerosols affect asthma. Additionally, differences in individual susceptibility to different bioaerosols affect exposure reduction and mitigation strategies. Strategies to reduce exposures to potential triggers of asthma are routinely considered as part of standard clinical care and asthma management guidelines. Ventilation standards in buildings may reduce bioaerosol exposure for everyone, but they are not necessarily designed specifically to protect patients with asthma. Direct measurement of a bioaerosol is not generally necessary for practical applications where the relevant source of the bioaerosol has been identified. Different types of bioaerosols can be controlled with similar strategies that prioritize source control (eg, reducing resuspension, integrated pest management, controlling moisture), and these can be supplemented by enhancing air filtration. The goal of this review is to summarize the latest information on bioaerosols, including allergens, fungi, bacteria, and viruses, that have been associated with adverse asthma outcomes and to discuss mitigation options.
具有生物来源的气溶胶颗粒被称为生物气溶胶。来自植物、动物、真菌、细菌和病毒的生物气溶胶是一类重要的环境暴露因素，在临床上与哮喘相关。然而，各种生物气溶胶影响哮喘的途径存在重要差异。此外，个体对不同生物气溶胶的易感性差异会影响暴露减少和缓解策略。减少接触哮喘潜在触发因素的策略通常被视为标准临床护理和哮喘管理指南的一部分。建筑物的通风标准可能会减少每个人接触生物气溶胶的机会，但它们不一定是专门为保护哮喘患者而设计的。在已确定生物气溶胶相关来源的实际应用中，通常不需要直接测量生物气溶胶。不同类型的生物气溶胶可以通过类似的策略进行控制，这些策略优先考虑源头控制（例如，减少再悬浮、综合虫害管理、控制湿度），并可通过加强空气过滤加以补充。本综述的目的是总结与哮喘不良结局相关的生物气溶胶的最新信息，包括过敏原、真菌、细菌和病毒，并讨论缓解措施。
