Luo Huanhuan, Zheng Zitian, Yuan Zhe, Hu Huixiu, Sun Chao
Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of MedicalSciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Nursing, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, NO.1 Da Hua Road, DongDan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Arch Public Health. 2024 Nov 29;82(1):229. doi: 10.1186/s13690-024-01441-y.
Cognitive frailty, intimately tied to adverse outcomes such as falls, early mortality, and hospitalization, represents a dynamic, reversible process. Multicomponent exercise has emerged as one of the most potent means of mitigating cognitive frailty.
This research seeks to quantitively amalgamate the effects of multicomponent exercise on various domains: cognitive function, frailty status, and other health-related outcomes in cognitively frail older adults.
Our methodology entailed a comprehensive review of literature in databases including PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, Sinomed, VIP, and CNKI from the inception of these databases to December 10, 2023. For our statistical analysis, we utilized RevMan 5.3, Stata 17.0 and R 4.3.2 software. Adherence was maintained to the PRISMA checklist, with the study being registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024499808).
Our review encapsulated a total of 2,222 participants and 11 trials. The findings intimate that multicomponent exercise enhances cognitive function [MD = 2.52, p = 0.03]), grip strength[SMD = 0.39, p = 0.008] and lower limb muscle strength[MD = 4.30, p < 0.001], while alleviating frailty[MD = -2.21, p < 0.001] and depression [MD = -1.20, p = 0.001]. However, cogent evidence is still lacking to endorse the positive effects of multicomponent exercises on both ADL(p = 0.19) and quality of life(p = 0.16). Subgroup analyses revealed beneficial effects on cognitive frailty for multicomponent exercise whose type of exercise consisted of aerobic, the duration of which exceeded 120 min per week, and whose form of exercise was group exercise.
Multicomponent exercises offer significant improvements in cognitive function, muscle strength, and have the added benefit of reducing frailty and depression in older adults. However, these exercises do not appear to influence activities of daily living and quality of life positively.
认知衰弱与跌倒、过早死亡和住院等不良后果密切相关，是一个动态的、可逆的过程。多组分运动已成为减轻认知衰弱最有效的方法之一。
本研究旨在定量综合多组分运动对认知衰弱老年人各个方面的影响：认知功能、衰弱状态和其他与健康相关的结果。
我们的方法包括全面回顾数据库中的文献，这些数据库包括PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、科学网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普和知网，时间跨度从这些数据库建立到2023年12月10日。在统计分析中，我们使用了RevMan 5.3、Stata 17.0和R 4.3.2软件。研究严格遵循PRISMA清单，并在PROSPERO（CRD42024499808）上进行了注册。
我们的综述共纳入了2222名参与者和11项试验。结果表明，多组分运动可改善认知功能[MD = 2.52，p = 0.03]、握力[SMD = 0.39，p = 0.008]和下肢肌肉力量[MD = 4.30，p < 0.001]，同时减轻衰弱[MD = -2.21，p < 0.001]和抑郁[MD = -1.20，p = 0.001]。然而，仍缺乏有力证据支持多组分运动对日常生活活动能力（p = 0.19）和生活质量（p = 0.16）的积极影响。亚组分析显示，运动类型为有氧运动、每周持续时间超过120分钟且运动形式为团体运动的多组分运动对认知衰弱有有益影响。
多组分运动能显著改善认知功能和肌肉力量，还能降低老年人的衰弱和抑郁程度。然而，这些运动似乎并未对日常生活活动能力和生活质量产生积极影响。
