Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Nov 29;24(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01787-y.
There is a belief that consuming a significant amount of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can positively affect chronic diseases. However, the connection between these fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk remains unclear. To explore this further, we conducted a study to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (FA), as well as omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, and the odds of T2DM.
Our research involved a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort. We evaluated their dietary habits using a comprehensive 118-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To determine the aforementioned association, we employed logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
The prevalence of T2DM among 8744 qualified participants was 751 (8.6%). After considering all the possible factors that could affect the outcome, high dietary omega-3 intake was associated with a 58% lower likelihood of T2DM (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.56; P-trend: <0.001). In contrast, participants at the fourth quartile of the dietary omega 6 to omega 3 FA ratio had a higher odd of T2DM (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.84; P-trend: 0.01). Nevertheless, there was no significant connection between the highest and lowest quartile of dietary omega-6 intake (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.17; P-trend: 0.80).
According to the study, consuming omega-3 fatty acids through diet was linked with lower odds of type 2 diabetes. Conversely, an elevated omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was associated with a greater likelihood of T2DM.
人们普遍认为，大量摄入欧米伽-3 和欧米伽-6 脂肪酸对慢性疾病有积极影响。然而，这些脂肪酸与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）风险之间的联系尚不清楚。为了进一步探讨这个问题，我们进行了一项研究，以调查饮食中欧米伽-3 和欧米伽-6 脂肪酸（FA）的摄入量以及欧米伽-6 与欧米伽-3 的比值与 T2DM 发病风险之间的关系。
我们对 Ravansar 非传染性疾病（RaNCD）队列的数据进行了横断面分析。我们使用综合的 118 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估了他们的饮食习惯。为了确定上述关联，我们采用逻辑回归分析计算了比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在 8744 名合格参与者中，T2DM 的患病率为 751 例（8.6%）。在考虑了所有可能影响结果的因素后，高膳食欧米伽-3 摄入与 T2DM 的发病风险降低 58%相关（OR：0.42；95%CI：0.32，0.56；P 趋势：<0.001）。相比之下，膳食欧米伽 6 与欧米伽 3 FA 比值处于第四四分位的参与者患 T2DM 的几率更高（OR：1.42；95%CI：1.11，1.84；P 趋势：0.01）。然而，膳食欧米伽-6 摄入量最高和最低四分位数之间没有显著关联（OR：0.91；95%CI：0.71，1.17；P 趋势：0.80）。
根据这项研究，通过饮食摄入欧米伽-3 脂肪酸与 2 型糖尿病的发病风险降低有关。相反，欧米伽-6 与欧米伽-3 的比值升高与 T2DM 的发生几率增加有关。
