School of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Womens Health (Lond). 2024 Jan-Dec;20:17455057241302451. doi: 10.1177/17455057241302451.
Lifestyle in Western countries has significantly changed during recent decades. These and other factors have increased the prevalence of overweight and obesity, leading to a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. A balanced diet has been shown to predict better health, so several public healthcare strategies aim to encourage "healthy" food choices.
To assess self-concept of knowledge about nutrition compared to factual knowledge and knowledge implementation in daily life.
Cross-sectional cohort study with a total of 524 Swiss women recruited, of which 447 women met the inclusion criteria for the final analysis.
Main outcome measure: a self-constructed questionnaire was used to evaluate subjective and objective knowledge about healthy nutrition and its practical application. Subgroup analyses utilized Fisher's test for categorical and Mann-Whitney- test for metric/ordinal.
Most participants sourced their nutritional information predominantly from nonexperts. While the majority believed they were well-educated about nutrition, this self-assessment was only partially accurate. The "nutrition pyramid" concept was widely recognized, and correct assignment of food items to dominant macronutrient components was generally accurate. However, understanding of food category ranking by optimal daily intake and composing a healthy diet was lacking. Higher education levels correlated with better objective nutrition knowledge ( < 0.001), and normal-weight women were more likely than overweight/obese women to implement nutritional knowledge daily ( = 0.021). Apart from body mass index other bio-psycho-social factors were observed.
Recent insights show that although women perceive themselves as knowledgeable about nutrition, there are significant gaps in their objective understanding. Higher education levels improve nutritional knowledge, and normal-weight women apply this knowledge more effectively. Thus, providing accessible, high-quality expert information on nutrition is essential.
The study has been approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee (registration number: 2018-00358).
近几十年来，西方国家的生活方式发生了重大变化。这些因素和其他因素导致超重和肥胖的患病率上升，从而增加了患心血管疾病和癌症等非传染性疾病的风险。均衡的饮食已被证明可以预测更好的健康，因此，一些公共卫生保健策略旨在鼓励“健康”的食物选择。
评估与事实知识和日常生活中的知识实施相比，对营养知识的自我认知。
共有 524 名瑞士女性参与了这项横断面队列研究，其中 447 名女性符合最终分析的纳入标准。
主要结局测量：使用自行设计的问卷评估健康营养的主观和客观知识及其实际应用。亚组分析采用 Fisher 检验进行分类，Mann-Whitney 检验进行度量/有序。
大多数参与者主要从非专家那里获取营养信息。尽管大多数人认为自己对营养有很好的了解，但这种自我评估并不完全准确。“营养金字塔”的概念得到了广泛的认可，正确地将食物归类为主要的宏量营养素成分是普遍准确的。然而，对于食物类别按最佳每日摄入量的排序以及组成健康饮食的理解却有所欠缺。较高的教育水平与更好的客观营养知识相关（ < 0.001），正常体重的女性比超重/肥胖的女性更有可能每天实施营养知识（ = 0.021）。除了体重指数外，还观察到其他生物心理社会因素。
最近的研究表明，尽管女性认为自己对营养有一定的了解，但在客观理解方面仍存在明显的差距。较高的教育水平可以提高营养知识，而正常体重的女性则更能有效地应用这些知识。因此，提供有关营养的可及、高质量的专家信息至关重要。
该研究已获得州伦理委员会的批准（注册号：2018-00358）。
