Nath Rosalin, Lahiri Dibyajit, Nag Moupriya, Mahapatra Debanjana, Bhattacharya Manoswinee, Dutta Kakoli, Bhattacharya Debasmita
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 May;398(5):5823-5834. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03651-1. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are the group of biological macromolecules those play a potent role in protecting the bacteria from any sorts of stress. They exhibit multifunctional roles in natural and bioactive product science hence exhibits various types of medical and biochemical applications. EPS ensures the storage of nutrients, produce antigens to create defense mechanism during infection, and is also responsible for the formation of biofilm and cell adhesion. Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle mediated by EPS from Lactobacillus sp. which is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a novel approach for its application in the food industry as it exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential. In this study, Lactobacillus sp. was cultivated in Lactobacillus broth media (LBM) and glucose mineral salt media (GMSM) to identify the best suitable media that would provide maximum amount of EPS, and it was observed that the two media exhibited maximum yield of 0.8 g/L and 0.6 g/L respectively after 48-h incubation. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used for characterizing the green synthesized ZnONPs from the EPS and was observed that the NPs were synthesized. 62.6% and 67.6% ZnONPs were observed in LBM-ZnONP and GMSM-ZnONP respectively from XRD analysis. UV spectroscopic detection showed corresponding peak of the nanoparticle formed at 349 nm which confirmed the production of ZnO NPs. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) established the average size, shape, and composition of the nanoparticles. The peaks of the FT-IR also revealed the presence of the C = H and N-H stretching (1 H). It was also observed that the average size of LBM ZnONPs were 60.578 nm whereas GMSM ZnONPs were 53.09 nm. Viability studies exhibited that the NPs brought considerable reduction of the sessile cells of P. aeuginosa. It was further observed that the cells treated with NPs did not show revival. The NPs were able to inhibit the quorum sensing (QS) mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa thereby preventing the development of virulence. Out of the two NPs, it was observed that GMSM ZnONPs showed better efficacy in comparison to LBM ZnONPs. Thus, the study concludes that EPS-mediated NPs can be used effectively in the process of treating the biofilm.
胞外多糖（EPSs）是一类生物大分子，在保护细菌免受各种应激方面发挥着重要作用。它们在天然和生物活性产品科学中具有多种功能，因此展现出各种医学和生化应用。EPS可确保营养物质的储存，在感染期间产生抗原以建立防御机制，还负责生物膜的形成和细胞黏附。由乳酸菌（LAB）中的嗜酸乳杆菌的EPS介导的ZnO纳米颗粒的绿色合成，是一种在食品工业中应用的新方法，因为它具有抗菌和抗生物膜潜力。在本研究中，将嗜酸乳杆菌在嗜酸乳杆菌肉汤培养基（LBM）和葡萄糖矿物盐培养基（GMSM）中培养，以确定能提供最大量EPS的最合适培养基，观察到在48小时培养后，这两种培养基的最大产量分别为0.8 g/L和0.6 g/L。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）用于表征从EPS绿色合成的ZnONPs，观察到纳米颗粒已合成。通过XRD分析，在LBM-ZnONP和GMSM-ZnONP中分别观察到62.6%和67.6%的ZnONPs。紫外光谱检测显示在349 nm处形成了纳米颗粒的相应峰，证实了ZnO NPs的产生。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）确定了纳米颗粒的平均尺寸、形状和组成。FT-IR的峰还揭示了C = H和N-H伸缩振动（1H）的存在。还观察到LBM ZnONPs的平均尺寸为60.578 nm，而GMSM ZnONPs的平均尺寸为53.09 nm。活力研究表明，这些纳米颗粒使铜绿假单胞菌的固着细胞数量大幅减少。进一步观察到用纳米颗粒处理的细胞没有复苏。这些纳米颗粒能够抑制铜绿假单胞菌的群体感应（QS）机制，从而阻止毒力的发展。在这两种纳米颗粒中，观察到GMSM ZnONPs比LBM ZnONPs表现出更好的效果。因此，该研究得出结论，EPS介导的纳米颗粒可有效地用于生物膜的治疗过程。
