Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 15;21(22):8605. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228605.
The rise of antibiotic resistance and the growing number of biofilm-related infections make bacterial infections a serious threat for global human health. Nanomedicine has entered into this scenario by bringing new alternatives to design and develop effective antimicrobial nanoweapons to fight against bacterial infection. Among them, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit unique characteristics that make them ideal nanocarriers to load, protect and transport antimicrobial cargoes to the target bacteria and/or biofilm, and release them in response to certain stimuli. The combination of infection-targeting and stimuli-responsive drug delivery capabilities aims to increase the specificity and efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and prevent undesirable side effects, becoming a ground-breaking alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments. This review focuses on the scientific advances developed to date in MSNs for infection-targeted stimuli-responsive antimicrobials delivery. The targeting strategies for specific recognition of bacteria are detailed. Moreover, the possibility of incorporating anti-biofilm agents with MSNs aimed at promoting biofilm penetrability is overviewed. Finally, a comprehensive description of the different scientific approaches for the design and development of smart MSNs able to release the antimicrobial payloads at the infection site in response to internal or external stimuli is provided.
抗生素耐药性的兴起和与生物膜相关的感染数量不断增加，使细菌感染成为全球人类健康的严重威胁。纳米医学通过设计和开发有效的抗菌纳米武器来对抗细菌感染，为这一情况带来了新的选择。其中，介孔硅纳米粒子（MSNs）具有独特的特性，使其成为理想的纳米载体，可以负载、保护和输送抗菌药物到目标细菌和/或生物膜，并在受到某些刺激时释放。感染靶向和刺激响应药物输送能力的结合旨在提高抗菌治疗的特异性和疗效，并防止不良副作用，成为对抗生素治疗的一种突破性替代方法。本综述重点介绍了迄今为止在 MSNs 用于感染靶向刺激响应抗菌药物输送方面的科学进展。详细介绍了针对细菌的特异性识别的靶向策略。此外，还概述了将抗生物膜剂与 MSNs 结合以促进生物膜渗透性的可能性。最后，全面描述了设计和开发能够响应内部或外部刺激在感染部位释放抗菌有效载荷的智能 MSNs 的不同科学方法。
