Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Bilimdent Oral and Dental Health Center (ADSUAM), Antalya Bilim University, Tahılpazarı Mahallesi, Kazım Özalp Street, No: 84/D, Floor 9, Muratpaşa, Antalya, 07040, Turkey.
Private practice, Özdemir Dental Center, Antalya, Turkey.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Nov 30;24(1):1458. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05256-9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an immune-boosting beverage with Sambucus nigra (SAM), an energy beverage (ENE), an in-office bleaching agent with a novel composition, and a fine-grain professional dental prophylaxis (PDP) paste on the surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (MH) of CAD/CAM restorative materials over time.
Feldspathic ceramic (FC) and polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) specimens were prepared (N = 126). Glazing, polishing, bleaching and immersion in beverages groups were formed. Bleaching gel containing 25% Hydrogen Peroxide Superior was applied to the specimens with a bleaching pen. Ra and MH were measured at five time points of baseline, days 1, 14, 28 and after PDP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken after PDP. Statistics were performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05).
Ra increased over time regardless of material type, polishing method, beverage type and bleaching (p < 0.0001). Glazed and polished FCs caused higher roughness than PICN, SAM and ENE than distilled water, and bleaching than no bleaching (p < 0.0001). For glazed or polished FCs, MH decreased slightly lower at all time points, but for PICN, MH increased until day 28, not changing after PDP. Beverages decreased the MH of ceramics at all time points, but PDP did not lead to a change for PICN (p < 0.0001). The MH decreased more in bleached specimens than in non-bleached specimens up to day 28 (p < 0.0001). According to the SEM images after PDP, the glazed FC had numerous crack marks, pores and detached particles. The polished FC had traces of mechanical polishing. The polymer part of the PICN had voids, but the ceramic part was better preserved.
Both energy beverages and immune-boosting beverages can increase roughness on FCs compared to PICNs. There was no significant difference between glazing and polishing in terms of lower roughness in FCs. PDP tended to slightly increase the roughness for ceramics, while it tended not to change it for PICN. Beverages decreased the microhardness of ceramics. PDP further decreased the microhardness in glazed ceramics, but increased it in polished ones. In PICN the microhardness increased over time, but decreased slightly after PDP.
本研究旨在探讨免疫增强型饮料（含接骨木果）、能量饮料、具有新型配方的诊室用漂白剂以及精细颗粒专业牙洁剂对 CAD/CAM 修复材料表面粗糙度（Ra）和显微硬度（MH）的影响。
制备长石陶瓷（FC）和聚合物渗透陶瓷网络（PICN）标本（N=126）。形成上釉、抛光、漂白和浸泡在饮料组。用漂白笔将含 25%过氧化氢的漂白凝胶涂于标本上。在基线、第 1 天、第 14 天、第 28 天和 PDP 后测量 Ra 和 MH。PDP 后拍摄扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像。采用方差分析和 Bonferroni 检验（α=0.05）进行统计学分析。
无论材料类型、抛光方法、饮料类型和漂白，Ra 随时间增加（p<0.0001）。上釉和抛光的 FC 引起的粗糙度高于 PICN，SAM 和 ENE 高于蒸馏水，漂白高于不漂白（p<0.0001）。对于上釉或抛光的 FC，MH 在所有时间点均略有下降，但对于 PICN，MH 直到第 28 天增加，PDP 后不再变化。饮料在所有时间点均降低了陶瓷的 MH，但 PDP 对 PICN 没有变化（p<0.0001）。漂白标本的 MH 下降幅度大于非漂白标本，直到第 28 天（p<0.0001）。根据 PDP 后的 SEM 图像，上釉 FC 有许多裂纹痕迹、孔隙和脱落的颗粒。抛光 FC 有机械抛光的痕迹。PICN 的聚合物部分有空隙，但陶瓷部分保存较好。
与 PICN 相比，能量饮料和免疫增强型饮料均可增加 FC 的粗糙度。在 FC 中，上釉和抛光在粗糙度较低方面没有显著差异。PDP 倾向于略微增加陶瓷的粗糙度，而对 PICN 则倾向于不改变。饮料降低了陶瓷的显微硬度。PDP 进一步降低了上釉陶瓷的显微硬度，但增加了抛光陶瓷的显微硬度。在 PICN 中，随着时间的推移，MH 增加，但 PDP 后略有下降。
