Brouwer Michael S M, de Freitas Costa Eduardo, Dame-Korevaar Anita, Roberts Adam P, Veldman Kees T
Wageningen Bioveterinary Research Part of Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Sci One Health. 2024 Oct 29;3:100083. doi: 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083. eCollection 2024.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) , including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing , are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.
Using results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant from 20142022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects.
During these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant , in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant , other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role.
A combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study.
家畜及环境中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）可能促使人类中AMR的流行，对人类健康产生潜在有害影响。因此，欧盟按照统一方法对家畜的AMR进行年度强制监测。耐超广谱头孢菌素（ESC耐药），包括产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）、AmpCβ-内酰胺酶（AmpC）和碳青霉烯酶的情况，被认为尤为重要，因此被纳入监测计划。
利用2014年至2022年ESC耐药情况年度监测结果，确定整个时间段内各动物养殖部门的流行趋势以及潜在的季节性影响。
在这九年中，肉鸡、奶牛和犊牛的ESC耐药流行情况出现了显著变化，而屠宰猪的流行情况没有变化。此外，奶牛和犊牛的ESC耐药流行率与较温暖季节（夏季和秋季）呈正相关，而肉鸡和屠宰猪未发现相关性。虽然温度本身可能在家畜ESC耐药流行中起作用，但影响选择环境的其他因素（如抗生素使用）也会起作用。
结合分析家畜和人类样本中全年的抗菌药物使用情况和ESC耐药流行情况，将是本研究有趣的后续跟进。
