Mulholland Michele M, Hecht Erin, Wesley Michael J, Hopkins William D
Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 650 Cool Water Dr, Bastrop, TX, 78602, USA.
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 2;14(1):29879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81238-9.
Early adverse rearing conditions are known to have deleterious consequences on social behavior, cognition, and brain development of both human and nonhuman primates. We analyzed archival diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from mother- (MR) or nursery-reared (NR) chimpanzees and used support vector machine learning to determine whether we could retrospectively classify chimpanzees as MR or NR based on white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) decades after their rearing experiences. A significant proportion of chimpanzees were correctly classified as MR and NR based on white matter fractional anisotropy (76.32%; p = 0.004). Voxel-based morphometry revealed that MR chimpanzees had increased FA in the splenium/isthmus of the corpus collosum and premotor cortex, while NR chimpanzees had increased FA in the thalamic region, cuneus, and lateral genu of the corpus collosum (p < 0.01). A subset of the NR chimpanzees participated in early social interventions, but unlike gray matter, these interventions do not explain misclassification based on white matter. These findings suggest that nursery rearing has long-term effects on both gray and white matter, but that early interventions may ameliorate the effects on gray matter only. Future research should investigate the effectiveness and relative contributions of combined social, cognitive, and nutritional interventions on brain development in nonhuman primates.
众所周知，早期不良饲养条件会对人类和非人类灵长类动物的社会行为、认知及大脑发育产生有害影响。我们分析了来自由母亲抚养（MR）或保育所饲养（NR）的黑猩猩的存档扩散张量成像（DTI）数据，并使用支持向量机学习来确定是否能够在它们的饲养经历过去数十年后，根据白质各向异性分数（FA）对黑猩猩进行回顾性分类，判断其是由母亲抚养还是在保育所饲养。基于白质各向异性分数，很大一部分黑猩猩被正确分类为MR和NR（76.32%；p = 0.004）。基于体素的形态学分析显示，由母亲抚养的黑猩猩在胼胝体压部/峡部和运动前皮质的FA增加，而保育所饲养的黑猩猩在丘脑区域、楔叶和胼胝体外侧膝状体的FA增加（p < 0.01）。一部分保育所饲养的黑猩猩参与了早期社会干预，但与灰质不同，这些干预并不能解释基于白质的错误分类。这些发现表明，保育所饲养对灰质和白质都有长期影响，但早期干预可能仅能改善对灰质的影响。未来的研究应调查社会、认知和营养综合干预对非人类灵长类动物大脑发育的有效性和相对贡献。
