Redondo-Armenteros Andrea, Pérez-Marfil María Nieves, Fernández-Alcántara Manuel, García-Caro María Paz, Cruz-Quintana Francisco, Cabañero-Martínez María José
Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center CIMCYC, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18011, Granada, Spain.
Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Campus, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 8;10(22):e40216. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40216. eCollection 2024 Nov 30.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic led to a rise in the number of people bereaved by the death of a loved one. There are many pandemic-related stressors that may have further complicated grief in these people. The aim of this research was to conduct an in-depth the experience of illness and death during the pandemic, as well as obstacles to and factors facilitating grief in people who had lost a loved one during this period, whether due to COVID-19 or to natural or sudden causes.
The sample consisted of 42 participants who had lost loved ones to COVID-19 or other causes (both natural and sudden). An inductive approach using grounded theory with open, axial and selective coding was used to analyse the semi-structured open-ended interviews.
The resulting theory was structured around a central category: "Processes of Loss and Grief in Pandemics". The other relevant and related categories were: disease processes during the pandemic, emotional responses to the loss, factors facilitating the grieving process and obstacles to the grieving process. The various analytical categories were then further classified with reference to the Dual Process Model.
This study highlights the main features of grief during the pandemic, including the impact of restrictive measures on disease processes; the funeral rituals performed and subsequent coping; responses such as intense shock, anger, fear or loneliness; and the way in which factors facilitating the grief process were adapted to the circumstances.
近期的新冠疫情导致因亲人离世而痛失亲人的人数增加。有许多与疫情相关的压力源可能使这些人的悲痛情绪更加复杂。本研究的目的是深入了解疫情期间的患病和死亡经历，以及在此期间失去亲人的人（无论其亲人是因新冠疫情还是自然或突发原因离世）在悲痛过程中遇到的障碍和促进因素。
样本包括42名因新冠疫情或其他原因（包括自然和突发原因）失去亲人的参与者。采用扎根理论的归纳法，通过开放式、轴心式和选择性编码对半结构化开放式访谈进行分析。
得出的理论围绕一个核心类别构建：“疫情期间的丧失与悲痛过程”。其他相关类别包括：疫情期间的疾病过程、对丧失的情绪反应、促进悲痛过程的因素以及悲痛过程中的障碍。然后根据双重过程模型对各种分析类别进行进一步分类。
本研究突出了疫情期间悲痛的主要特征，包括限制措施对疾病过程的影响；所举行的葬礼仪式及后续应对方式；强烈的震惊、愤怒、恐惧或孤独等反应；以及促进悲痛过程的因素如何因应具体情况。
