Li Dongsheng, Dong Jinyi, Zhou Yihao, Wang Qiangbin
School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Small Methods. 2025 Jun;9(6):e2401629. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202401629. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
DNA origami enables the precise construction of 2D and 3D nanostructures with customizable shapes and the high-resolution organization of functional materials. However, the size of a single DNA origami is constrained by the length of the scaffold strand, and since its inception, scaling up the size and complexity has been a persistent pursuit. Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA origami units offers a feasible approach to overcome the limitation. Unlike periodic arrays, finite-sized DNA origami superstructures feature well-defined structural boundaries and uniform dimensions. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward precise control over the hierarchical self-assembly of DNA origami structures and their applications in fields such as nanophotonics, biophysics, and material science. This review summarizes the strategies for fabricating finite-sized DNA origami superstructures, including heterogeneous self-assembly, self-limited self-assembly, and templated self-assembly, along with a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of each approach. Subsequently, recent advancements in the application of these structures are discussed from a structure design perspective. Finally, an outlook on the current challenges and potential future directions is provided, highlighting opportunities for further research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
DNA折纸术能够精确构建具有可定制形状的二维和三维纳米结构，并实现功能材料的高分辨率组织。然而，单个DNA折纸的尺寸受到支架链长度的限制，自其诞生以来，扩大尺寸和复杂性一直是人们持续追求的目标。DNA折纸单元的分级自组装提供了一种克服这一限制的可行方法。与周期性阵列不同，有限尺寸的DNA折纸超结构具有明确的结构边界和均匀的尺寸。近年来，人们越来越关注对DNA折纸结构分级自组装的精确控制及其在纳米光子学、生物物理学和材料科学等领域的应用。本综述总结了制造有限尺寸DNA折纸超结构的策略，包括异质自组装、自限自组装和模板自组装，并对每种方法的优缺点进行了比较分析。随后，从结构设计的角度讨论了这些结构应用的最新进展。最后，对当前的挑战和潜在的未来方向进行了展望，突出了在这个快速发展的领域进一步研究和开发的机会。
