An Tai Joon, Lee Yun-Hee, Joh Joon-Sung, Myong Jun-Pyo
Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 4;14(1):30225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80506-y.
Codeine is widely used to control coughs, although concerns about its overuse arise due to its side-effects. This study aimed to evaluate the status of codeine usage according to various medical conditions. The Korean National Health Insurance Service sample cohort was analyzed. Subjects with more than continuous sixty days of antitussive and codeine were defined as chronic users. It was evaluated according to age, smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), bronchiectasis, chronic cough (CC), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and lung cancer. A total of 89,289 chronic antitussive users were identified, of whom 589 were chronic codeine users. The chronic codeine users were older, more likely to be smokers, and more likely to have multimorbidity (P < 0.001, all). After adjusting age, chronic codeine use showed a positive correlation with lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.99), COPD (aOR: 2.04), GERD (aOR: 1.93), and CC (aOR: 1.60). Multimorbidity also revealed positive correlations, increasing as the number of comorbidities rose (P < 0.001). Our findings highlight that chronic codeine usage is associated with underlying cough-inducing diseases, emphasizing the need for monitoring and guidelines to ensure safer use, especially among older adults and those with chronic respiratory conditions.
可待因被广泛用于控制咳嗽，尽管因其副作用而引发了对其过度使用的担忧。本研究旨在评估根据各种医疗状况使用可待因的情况。对韩国国民健康保险服务样本队列进行了分析。连续使用止咳药和可待因超过60天的受试者被定义为慢性使用者。根据年龄、吸烟状况、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、变应性鼻炎（AR）、支气管扩张、慢性咳嗽（CC）、胃食管反流病（GERD）和肺癌进行评估。共识别出89289名慢性止咳药使用者，其中589名是慢性可待因使用者。慢性可待因使用者年龄更大，更有可能是吸烟者，并且更有可能患有多种疾病（P均<0.001）。在调整年龄后，慢性可待因使用与肺癌（调整后的优势比[aOR]：6.99）、COPD（aOR：2.04）、GERD（aOR：1.93）和CC（aOR：1.60）呈正相关。多种疾病也显示出正相关，随着合并症数量的增加而增加（P<0.001）。我们的研究结果强调，慢性可待因使用与潜在的咳嗽诱发疾病有关，强调需要监测和制定指南以确保更安全地使用，特别是在老年人和患有慢性呼吸道疾病的人群中。
