Veryanti Putu Rika, Sauriasari Rani, Sartika Ratu Ayu Dewi, Elya Berna, Mokoagow Muhammad Ikhsan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025 Jan;58(1):31-43. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.24.313. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients' behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients' behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.
The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.
The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.
Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.
本研究的目的是开发一种有效且可靠的工具，用于通过自我评估来评估患者对低血糖风险的行为。医疗服务提供者对2型糖尿病（DM）门诊患者的教育和监督不足是一个重大问题，会影响他们在治疗过程中的行为。此外，不当行为通常会增加低血糖风险。为了降低这种风险，多项研究建议评估患者的行为，因此需要开发一种新工具。
研究程序分三个阶段进行：工具开发（表面效度和内容效度，第一阶段）、结构效度和信度测试（第二阶段）以及效标效度（第三阶段）。第一阶段涉及5名医疗从业者，包括医院和社区卫生中心的内科医生、护士、营养师和药剂师。第二阶段包括20名采用一次性测试方法的受访者。第三阶段涉及雅加达中央总医院（RSUP）的237名2型糖尿病门诊患者，采用横断面设计和连续抽样。
结果表明，所开发的工具有效且可靠，包括9个领域（29个问题）。这些领域包括血糖监测、饮食、体育活动、用药、医疗服务提供者的协助、低血糖管理、自我护理、家庭支持和胰岛素使用方面的行为。此外，发现不良行为会使低血糖风险增加2.36倍。
基于这些结果，所开发的工具可有效用于评估2型糖尿病门诊患者对低血糖的行为，证实了其有效性和可靠性。
