Supervia Marta, Bomtempo Ana Paula Delgado, Gómez Eduardo, Bonikowske Amanda R, Arroyo-Riaño Maria Olga, Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.
Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
Front Rehabil Sci. 2024 Nov 22;5:1495621. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1495621. eCollection 2024.
Air pollution poses significant risks to cardiovascular health, yet patients often lack comprehensive knowledge about its impact and mitigation strategies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention within a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) context in enhancing patients' understanding of air pollution and its cardiovascular effects.
A pre-post pilot study was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021 at the Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain. A total of 43 patients with cardiovascular disease attending CR were enrolled. Participants received a 1-h educational intervention delivered either in-person or online, focusing on the effects of air pollution and strategies to reduce exposure. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessed participants' knowledge and perceptions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze changes in awareness and understanding.
Initially, participants demonstrated a high level of awareness about the health impacts of air pollution, with 100% acknowledging its effects on health. However, detailed knowledge about specific concepts such as the Air Quality Index (AQI) and particulate matter (PM2.5) was limited. Post-intervention, there was a significant increase in knowledge, with familiarity with AQI rising from 61% to 81% ( = 0.02) and understanding of PM2.5 improving from 28% to 58% ( = 0.01). This indicates that the educational intervention effectively bridged gaps in understanding and reinforced the importance of environmental factors in cardiovascular health management.
The pilot study highlights the critical role of targeted education in improving patient awareness and knowledge about air pollution. The significant improvement in understanding key concepts underscores the need for broader educational initiatives that extend beyond CR programs. Future research should explore the impact of such interventions on long-term health outcomes and consider expanding educational efforts to include healthcare providers and family members.
空气污染对心血管健康构成重大风险，但患者往往对其影响和缓解策略缺乏全面了解。本研究旨在评估在心脏康复（CR）背景下的教育干预措施在增强患者对空气污染及其心血管影响的理解方面的有效性。
2021年2月至2021年6月在西班牙马德里格雷戈里奥·马拉尼翁大学综合医院进行了一项前后对照的试点研究。共有43名参加心脏康复的心血管疾病患者入组。参与者接受了1小时的面对面或在线教育干预，重点是空气污染的影响和减少暴露的策略。干预前后的问卷评估了参与者的知识和认知。使用描述性统计分析意识和理解的变化。
最初，参与者对空气污染对健康的影响表现出较高的认识，100%的人承认其对健康有影响。然而，对空气质量指数（AQI）和细颗粒物（PM2.5）等具体概念的详细了解有限。干预后，知识有了显著增加，对AQI的熟悉程度从61%上升到81%（P = 0.02），对PM2.5的理解从28%提高到58%（P = 0.01）。这表明教育干预有效地弥合了理解上的差距，并强化了环境因素在心血管健康管理中的重要性。
试点研究突出了针对性教育在提高患者对空气污染的认识和知识方面的关键作用。对关键概念理解的显著改善强调了开展超越心脏康复项目的更广泛教育举措的必要性。未来的研究应探索此类干预措施对长期健康结果的影响，并考虑扩大教育范围，将医疗保健提供者和家庭成员纳入其中。
