Grandjean P, Juel K, Jensen O M
Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Jan;121(1):57-64. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113983.
A cohort of 431 male cryolite workers employed for at least six months between 1924 and 1961 was identified from personnel records at the Copenhagen cryolite factory. During this period, heavy fluoride exposure resulted in at least 74 cases of skeletal fluorosis. All workmen in the cohort were followed up in Denmark until July 1, 1981. During 1941-1981, 206 men died, while only 149.3 deaths were expected from national mortality statistics. Significant excesses were seen in the following causes of death: violent death and all cancers, in particular cancer of the respiratory system. When compared with specific mortality rates for the Copenhagen area, violent death (and suicide taken alone) remained in significant excess among employees hired before 1940. Cancer morbidity data for the 35-year period 1943-1977 showed 78 cases of malignant neoplasms in the cryolite workers against 53.2 expected for Denmark as a whole and 67.9 for Copenhagen. The excess was almost entirely due to an excess number of respiratory cancers. Cancer morbidity showed no apparent correlation with length of employment or time from first exposure. Because detailed information on predictors for respiratory cancer was unavailable, a possible residual effect of fluoride cannot be excluded. However, any major carcinogenic effect of heavy fluoride exposure would be very unlikely.
从哥本哈根冰晶石工厂的人事记录中，确定了一组在1924年至1961年期间受雇至少六个月的431名男性冰晶石工人。在此期间，高氟暴露导致至少74例氟骨症病例。该队列中的所有工人在丹麦接受随访直至1981年7月1日。在1941年至1981年期间，206名男性死亡，而根据国家死亡率统计预计只有149.3人死亡。在以下死因中发现了显著的超额死亡：暴力死亡和所有癌症，特别是呼吸系统癌症。与哥本哈根地区的特定死亡率相比，1940年之前雇用的员工中暴力死亡（单独计算自杀）仍然显著超额。1943年至1977年这35年期间的癌症发病数据显示，冰晶石工人中有78例恶性肿瘤，而丹麦全国预计为53.2例，哥本哈根预计为67.9例。超额几乎完全归因于呼吸道癌症数量过多。癌症发病率与就业时长或首次接触后的时间没有明显关联。由于无法获得呼吸道癌症预测因素的详细信息，不能排除氟化物的可能残留影响。然而，高氟暴露的任何重大致癌作用都极不可能。
