Kakamad Fahmi H, Anwar Khanda A, Ahmed Harem K, Habibullah Imad J, Kaka Ali Hemn H, Nasralla Hawkar A, Abdullah Hiwa O, Tahir Soran H, Kareem Honar O, Hasan Ali H, Gharib Dana T, Asaad Hoshmand R, Mohammed Ayoob A, Abdalla Berun A, Esmaeil Deari A, Rashid Rezheen J, Hamahussein Karokh F
Scientific Affairs Department, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 25;11:1480579. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1480579. eCollection 2024.
Echinococcosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the Echinococcus genus, manifesting in mature or larval forms. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are the primary types affecting humans, linked, respectively, to and . This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors associated with CE and AE in humans.
Relevant English publications were found through a thorough search of eligible databases. The inclusion criteria focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies investigating risk factors for human echinococcosis. Collected data included author, country, study design, demographics, sample size, literacy, occupation, drinking water source, dog ownership, and hand hygiene.
A total of 1,594 studies were found in the initial search, with only 36 papers (involving 1,207,436 cases) meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the study population (99.35%) showed no echinococcosis infection, while 0.65% were infected. Of the infected cases, 77.92% had CE, while 22.08% had AE. Among 629,996 (52.18%) females, 4,830 (0.76%) were infected, compared to 2,968 (0.52%) infections among 565,872 (46.86%) males ( < 0.001). Rural areas, low education levels, agricultural/livestock workers, dog owners, water sources, and poor hand hygiene were all significantly associated with the infection ( < 0.05).
Echinococcosis remains a global health concern, particularly among rural residents, those with lower education, agricultural workers, and dog owners. Targeted public health measures, including improved hygiene practices and access to clean water, are essential to reducing its impact.
棘球蚴病是一种由棘球绦虫属引起的广泛传播的人畜共患病，有成熟或幼虫形式。囊型棘球蚴病（CE）和泡型棘球蚴病（AE）是影响人类的主要类型，分别与 和 相关。本研究是对与人类CE和AE相关危险因素的系统评价和荟萃分析。
通过全面检索符合条件的数据库找到相关英文出版物。纳入标准侧重于调查人类棘球蚴病危险因素的横断面研究和病例对照研究。收集的数据包括作者、国家、研究设计、人口统计学、样本量、识字率、职业、饮用水源、养狗情况和手部卫生。
在初步检索中总共找到1594项研究，只有36篇论文（涉及1207436例）符合纳入标准。大多数研究人群（99.35%）未感染棘球蚴病，而0.65%受到感染。在感染病例中，77.92%患有CE，而22.08%患有AE。在629996名（52.18%）女性中，4830名（0.76%）受到感染，相比之下，在565872名（46.86%）男性中有2968名（0.52%）受到感染（<0.001）。农村地区、低教育水平、农业/畜牧工人、养狗者、水源和手部卫生差均与感染显著相关（<0.05）。
棘球蚴病仍然是一个全球健康问题，特别是在农村居民、教育程度较低者、农业工人和养狗者中。包括改善卫生习惯和获得清洁水在内的有针对性的公共卫生措施对于减少其影响至关重要。
