Loro Fernanda Laís, Martins Riane, Ferreira Janaína Barcellos, de Araujo Cintia Laura Pereira, Prade Lucio Rene, Both Cristiano Bonato, Nobre Jéferson Campos Nobre, Monteiro Mariane Borba, Dal Lago Pedro
Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Undergraduate Course of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
JMIR Biomed Eng. 2024 Dec 11;9:e57373. doi: 10.2196/57373.
Wearable sensors are rapidly evolving, particularly in health care, due to their ability to facilitate continuous or on-demand physiological monitoring.
This study aimed to design and validate a wearable sensor prototype incorporating photoplethysmography (PPG) and long-range wide area network technology for heart rate (HR) measurement during a functional test.
We conducted a transversal exploratory study involving 20 healthy participants aged between 20 and 30 years without contraindications for physical exercise. Initially, our laboratory developed a pulse wearable sensor prototype for HR monitoring. Following this, the participants were instructed to perform the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test while wearing the Polar H10 HR chest strap sensor (the reference for HR measurement) and the wearable sensor. This test allowed for real-time comparison of HR responses between the 2 devices. Agreement between these measurements was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Lin concordance correlation coefficient. The mean absolute percentage error was calculated to evaluate reliability or validity. Cohen d was used to calculate the agreement's effect size.
The mean differences between the Polar H10 and the wearable sensor during the test were -2.6 (95% CI -3.5 to -1.8) for rest HR, -4.1 (95% CI -5.3 to -3) for maximum HR, -2.4 (95% CI -3.5 to -1.4) for mean test HR, and -2.5 (95% CI -3.6 to -1.5) for mean recovery HR. The mean absolute percentage errors were -3% for rest HR, -2.2% for maximum HR, -1.8% for mean test HR, and -1.6% for recovery HR. Excellent agreement was observed between the Polar H10 and the wearable sensor for rest HR (ICC=0.96), mean test HR (ICC=0.92), and mean recovery HR (ICC=0.96). The agreement for maximum HR (ICC=0.78) was considered good. By the Lin concordance correlation coefficient, the agreement was found to be substantial for rest HR (r=0.96) and recovery HR (r=0.96), moderate for mean test HR (r=0.92), and poor for maximum HR (r=0.78). The power of agreement between the Polar H10 and the wearable sensor prototype was large for baseline HR (Cohen d=0.97), maximum HR (Cohen d=1.18), and mean recovery HR (Cohen d=0.8) and medium for mean test HR (Cohen d= 0.76).
The pulse-wearable sensor prototype tested in this study proves to be a valid tool for monitoring HR at rest, during functional tests, and during recovery compared with the Polar H10 reference device used in the laboratory setting.
可穿戴传感器正在迅速发展，特别是在医疗保健领域，因为它们能够促进连续或按需的生理监测。
本研究旨在设计并验证一种结合光电容积脉搏波描记法（PPG）和远程广域网技术的可穿戴传感器原型，用于在功能测试期间测量心率（HR）。
我们进行了一项横向探索性研究，涉及20名年龄在20至30岁之间、无体育锻炼禁忌证的健康参与者。最初，我们的实验室开发了一种用于HR监测的脉搏可穿戴传感器原型。在此之后，参与者被要求在佩戴Polar H10 HR胸带传感器（HR测量的参考设备）和可穿戴传感器的同时进行递增式穿梭步行测试。该测试允许实时比较两个设备之间的HR反应。使用组内相关系数（ICC）和林一致性相关系数来确定这些测量之间的一致性。计算平均绝对百分比误差以评估可靠性或有效性。使用科恩d来计算一致性的效应大小。
在测试期间，Polar H10与可穿戴传感器之间的平均差异为：静息心率为-2.6（95%CI -3.5至-1.8），最大心率为-4.1（95%CI -5.3至-3），平均测试心率为-2.4（95%CI -3.5至-1.4），平均恢复心率为-2.5（95%CI -3.6至-1.5）。静息心率的平均绝对百分比误差为-3%，最大心率为-2.2%，平均测试心率为-1.8%，恢复心率为-1.6%。在静息心率（ICC=0.96）、平均测试心率（ICC=0.92）和平均恢复心率（ICC=0.96）方面，Polar H10与可穿戴传感器之间观察到极好的一致性。最大心率的一致性（ICC=0.78）被认为是良好的。通过林一致性相关系数，发现静息心率（r=0.96）和恢复心率（r=0.96）的一致性很高，平均测试心率（r=0.92）的一致性中等，最大心率（r=0.78）的一致性较差。Polar H10与可穿戴传感器原型之间的一致性强度在基线心率（科恩d=0.97）、最大心率（科恩d=1.18）和平均恢复心率（科恩d=0.8）方面较大，在平均测试心率（科恩d=0.76）方面中等。
与实验室环境中使用的Polar H10参考设备相比，本研究中测试的脉搏可穿戴传感器原型被证明是一种在静息、功能测试期间和恢复期间监测HR的有效工具。
