2021年9月1日至2022年3月1日华盛顿州数字新冠病毒暴露通知后的防护行为
Protective Behaviors Following Digital COVID-19 Exposure Notifications, Washington State, September 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022.
作者信息
Briggs Nicole L, Guthrie Brandon L, Elder Adam S, Revere Debra, Molino Andrea R, West Laura M, Higgins Amanda, Karras Bryant T, Baseman Janet G
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Ms Briggs); Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Guthrie); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Elder); Department of Health Systems and Population Health (Ms Revere), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Ms Molino); Office of Innovation and Technology, Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Mss West and Higgins);Office of Innovation and Technology, Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Karras); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Dr Baseman).
出版信息
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2025;31(2):217-226. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000002009. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
CONTEXT
Digital exposure notification (EN) systems were widely used to supplement public health case investigations and contact tracing during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In Washington State, the state Department of Health (DOH) implemented one such system, WA Notify, which generated ENs based on smartphone Bluetooth proximity detection. However, the privacy preserving measures of this technology prevented collection of information on how users responded after seeing an EN on their device.
OBJECTIVE
To understand the influence of ENs on intended and implemented protective behaviors among WA Notify users.
DESIGN
Two self-report surveys were administered by the WA DOH: a baseline survey regarding planned protective behaviors, available immediately after seeing an EN, and a follow-up survey distributed 2 weeks later regarding actual protective behaviors implemented. Self-reported planned and implemented protective behaviors were compared across 3 time periods relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression was used to compare the probability of engaging in various protective behaviors across demographic characteristics and other contextual factors.
SETTING
Washington State.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 4280 individuals who chose to respond to both surveys and who completed the initial survey between September 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Self-reported plans for and engagement in protective behaviors (quarantining, testing, and symptom watching).
RESULTS
The proportion of individuals who reported implementing quarantining and symptom watching after seeing an EN was higher than the proportion that reported planning to engage in each respective behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing symptoms when seeing an EN were more likely to quarantine and test for COVID-19 compared to those with no symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Plans to engage in protective behaviors after initially seeing an EN can change and may be influenced by evolving personal and contextual factors. Future digital EN systems can be improved through messaging tailored to encourage protective behaviors relevant to disease prevention.
背景
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，数字暴露通知（EN）系统被广泛用于辅助公共卫生病例调查和接触者追踪。在华盛顿州，州卫生部（DOH）实施了一个这样的系统，即WA Notify，该系统基于智能手机蓝牙近距离检测生成暴露通知。然而，这项技术的隐私保护措施使得无法收集用户在其设备上看到暴露通知后如何反应的信息。
目的
了解暴露通知对WA Notify用户预期和实际采取的保护行为的影响。
设计
华盛顿州卫生部进行了两项自我报告调查：一项是关于看到暴露通知后立即进行的计划保护行为的基线调查，另一项是在两周后发放的关于实际采取的保护行为的后续调查。在与COVID-19大流行相关的三个时间段内，对自我报告的计划和实际采取的保护行为进行了比较。采用泊松回归来比较不同人口统计学特征和其他背景因素下采取各种保护行为的概率。
地点
华盛顿州。
参与者
共有4280名个体选择回复两项调查，并在2021年9月1日至2022年3月1日期间完成了初始调查。
主要观察指标
自我报告的保护行为计划和参与情况（隔离、检测和症状观察）。
结果
报告在看到暴露通知后实施隔离和症状观察的个体比例高于报告计划进行相应行为的比例。与没有症状的受访者相比，报告在看到暴露通知时出现症状的受访者更有可能进行COVID-19隔离和检测。
结论
最初看到暴露通知后采取保护行为的计划可能会改变，并可能受到不断变化的个人和背景因素的影响。未来的数字暴露通知系统可以通过定制信息来鼓励与疾病预防相关的保护行为，从而得到改进。
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