Wang Chunlin, Zhang Chao, He Shan, Wang Qiuyu, Gao Hai
Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulevard, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
Prog Orthod. 2024 Dec 16;25(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40510-024-00547-x.
White spot lesions (WSLs) may develop in adolescents undergoing clear aligner (CA) therapy with poor oral hygiene. The specific effects of CAs on the microbial composition and functional characteristics of supragingival plaques remain unclear. The present study investigated the shift in the supragingival microbial community induced by CAs in adolescents through metagenomic technology.
Fifteen adolescents (12-15 years old) with Invisalign appliances were recruited. Supragingival plaque specimens were obtained twice, before treatment (T) and three months after treatment (T). All the bacterial plaque specimens were analyzed for microbial communities and functions using metagenomic analyses.
A total of 2,840,242,722 reads disclosed 180 phyla, 3,975 genera, and 16,497 microbiome species. During the first three months, the microbial community was relatively stable. The genus level revealed a higher relative abundance of Capnocytophaga, Neisseria, and Arachnia in the T period. Furthermore, the functional analysis suggested that the relative abundances of folate biosynthesis, biotin metabolism and biofilm formation-vibrio cholerae were increased in the T period compared to the T period. Finally, virulence factor analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of genes associated with type IV pili (VF0082) and polar flagella (VF0473) was higher in the T period than in the T period.
In adolescents undergoing CA therapy with poor plaque control, caries progresses quickly within three months and noticeable WSLs develop on the tooth surface. Although the microbial community remained relatively steady and CA therapy did not cause significant changes in the overall functional gene composition in the first three months, virulence factors, including type IV pili and flagella, were more abundant and actively contributed to microorganism adhesion and biofilm formation.
口腔卫生较差的青少年在接受透明矫治器（CA）治疗时可能会出现白斑病变（WSLs）。CA对龈上菌斑微生物组成和功能特性的具体影响尚不清楚。本研究通过宏基因组技术调查了CA引起的青少年龈上微生物群落的变化。
招募了15名佩戴隐适美矫治器的青少年（12 - 15岁）。在治疗前（T0）和治疗三个月后（T3）分别获取龈上菌斑标本。使用宏基因组分析对所有细菌菌斑标本的微生物群落和功能进行分析。
共获得2,840,242,722条 reads，揭示了180个门、3,975个属和16,497种微生物。在最初的三个月中，微生物群落相对稳定。属水平显示，在T0期二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属、奈瑟菌属和蛛形菌属的相对丰度较高。此外，功能分析表明，与T3期相比，T0期叶酸生物合成、生物素代谢和生物膜形成 - 霍乱弧菌的相对丰度增加。最后，毒力因子分析表明，与IV型菌毛（VF0082）和极鞭毛（VF0473）相关的基因在T0期的相对丰度高于T3期。
在菌斑控制较差的接受CA治疗的青少年中，龋齿在三个月内进展迅速，牙齿表面出现明显的WSLs。尽管微生物群落在最初三个月保持相对稳定，且CA治疗未导致整体功能基因组成发生显著变化，但包括IV型菌毛和鞭毛在内的毒力因子更为丰富，并积极促进微生物粘附和生物膜形成。
