Najjar Dina, Baruah Bipasha
Social, Economics and Policy Research Theme, Sustainable Intensification and Resilient Production Systems Program (SIRPS), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Avenue Mohammed, Bearabi Alaoui, Agdal Hay Ryad, Instituts Maroc, Morocco.
Canada Research Chair in Global Women's Issues, University of Western Ontario, Lawson Hall 3244, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
World Dev Perspect. 2024 Dec;36:100643. doi: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100643.
Research conducted in developing countries in the past 50 years generally suggests that most agricultural innovations (whether technological, social, or financial in nature) end up reinforcing existing socio-economic hierarchies based on gender and class. Most of these findings are drawn from the Green Revolution, which focused overwhelmingly on high-yielding varieties of rice, maize, and wheat, along with the introduction or expansion of irrigation and extension services and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Less is known about how agricultural innovations involving other crops or livestock, especially if introduced in tandem, perform in alleviating poverty or reducing gender inequality. We conducted a study in three agricultural communities in rural Rajasthan, India to understand how the adoption of agricultural innovations for barley cultivation and livestock rearing are influenced by the gender, age, and class background of farmers, and whether such innovations can alleviate poverty and promote gender equality in rural settings. We found that although innovation adoption is influenced by gender, class and age (with gender exerting a stronger influence than class or age), poorer farmers and women can under certain circumstances benefit from agricultural innovations adopted initially by wealthier male farmers.
过去50年在发展中国家开展的研究普遍表明，大多数农业创新（无论是技术、社会还是金融方面的）最终都会强化基于性别和阶级的现有社会经济等级制度。这些研究结果大多来自绿色革命，该革命主要聚焦于水稻、玉米和小麦的高产品种，以及灌溉和推广服务的引入或扩展，还有化肥和农药的使用。对于涉及其他作物或牲畜的农业创新，尤其是如果同时引入，在减轻贫困或减少性别不平等方面的表现，我们了解得较少。我们在印度拉贾斯坦邦农村的三个农业社区开展了一项研究，以了解大麦种植和牲畜饲养方面的农业创新采用情况如何受到农民的性别、年龄和阶级背景的影响，以及此类创新能否在农村环境中减轻贫困并促进性别平等。我们发现，尽管创新采用受到性别、阶级和年龄的影响（性别影响比阶级或年龄更强），但贫困农民和女性在某些情况下可以从较富裕男性农民最初采用的农业创新中受益。
