Chen Yong, Li Hui, Lai Furao, Min Tian, Wu Hui, Zhan Qiping
College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangxi Minzu Normal University, Chongzuo 532200, China.
Foods. 2024 Nov 30;13(23):3882. doi: 10.3390/foods13233882.
Natural plant polysaccharides are renowned for their broad spectrum of biological activities, making them invaluable in both the pharmaceutical and food industries. Their safety, characterized by low toxicity and minimal side effects, coupled with their potential therapeutic properties, positions them as crucial elements in health-related applications. The functional effectiveness of these polysaccharides is deeply connected to their structural attributes, including molecular weight, monosaccharide components, and types of glycosidic bonds. These structural elements influence how polysaccharides interact with the gut microbiota, potentially alleviating various metabolic and inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, liver-associated pathologies, obesity, and kidney diseases. The polysaccharides operate through a range of biological mechanisms. They enhance the formation of short-chain fatty acids, which are pivotal in keeping intestinal health and metabolic balance. Additionally, they strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier, crucial for deterring the ingress of pathogens and toxins into the host system. By modulating the immune responses within the gut, they help in managing immune-mediated disorders, and their role in activating specific cellular signaling pathways further underscores their therapeutic potential. The review delves into the intricate structure-activity relationships of various natural polysaccharides and their interactions with the intestinal flora. By understanding these relationships, the scientific community can develop targeted strategies for the use of polysaccharides in therapeutics, potentially leading to innovative treatments for a range of diseases. Furthermore, the insights gained can drive the advancement of research in natural polysaccharide applications, providing direction for novel dietary supplements and functional foods designed to support gut health and overall well-being.
天然植物多糖以其广泛的生物活性而闻名，这使其在制药和食品工业中都具有极高的价值。它们具有低毒性和最小副作用的安全性特点，再加上其潜在的治疗特性，使其成为健康相关应用中的关键要素。这些多糖的功能有效性与其结构属性密切相关，包括分子量、单糖成分和糖苷键类型。这些结构元素影响多糖与肠道微生物群的相互作用方式，可能缓解各种代谢和炎症性疾病，如炎症性肠病、糖尿病、肝脏相关疾病、肥胖症和肾脏疾病。多糖通过一系列生物学机制发挥作用。它们促进短链脂肪酸的形成，而短链脂肪酸对于维持肠道健康和代谢平衡至关重要。此外，它们强化肠道黏膜屏障，这对于阻止病原体和毒素进入宿主系统至关重要。通过调节肠道内的免疫反应，它们有助于控制免疫介导的疾病，并且它们在激活特定细胞信号通路中的作用进一步凸显了其治疗潜力。这篇综述深入探讨了各种天然多糖复杂的结构 - 活性关系及其与肠道菌群的相互作用。通过了解这些关系，科学界可以制定针对性的策略，将多糖用于治疗，这可能为一系列疾病带来创新疗法。此外，所获得的见解可以推动天然多糖应用研究的进展，为旨在支持肠道健康和整体福祉的新型膳食补充剂和功能性食品提供方向。
