Zapata-García Susana, Temnani Abdelmalek, Berríos Pablo, Marín-Durán Laura, Espinosa Pedro J, Monllor Claudia, Pérez-Pastor Alejandro
Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
Europe, Middle East & Africa Region (EMEA) Plant Health Portfolio, FMC Agricultural Solutions, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 6;13(23):3424. doi: 10.3390/plants13233424.
Biostimulation and precision irrigation are strategies that increase the sustainability of agriculture, and both have been widely studied in table grapes, but their interaction is a new approach for viticulture. The objective of this field trial was to assess the physiological effects of water deficit on table grapes pretreated for two consecutive years with five different biostimulation programs. Therefore, during the first year, vines were preconditioned with biostimulants composed of microorganisms, seaweed, and plant extracts and compared to an untreated control. During the second year, the same biostimulation treatments were evaluated under two different irrigation schedules: (i) farmer irrigation (FI), according to a farmer's criteria; and (ii) a deficit irrigation program, precision irrigation (PI), in which irrigation water was reduced from the post-veraison period to harvest, setting a threshold for allowable soil water depletion of 10% with respect to field capacity in order to minimize water leaching. The water inputs in the treatments under PI were reduced by 30% with respect to the FI treatment. While the deficit irrigation treatment clearly affected the plant water status indicators, biostimulation enhanced the root colonization by mycorrhizae and showed a trend of increased new root density. The combined effect of biostimulation and PI was shown to be an efficient strategy for optimizing the available resources, promoting the yield precocity.
生物刺激和精准灌溉是提高农业可持续性的策略，二者在鲜食葡萄方面均已得到广泛研究，但它们的相互作用对葡萄栽培来说却是一种新方法。该田间试验的目的是评估水分亏缺对连续两年用五种不同生物刺激方案预处理的鲜食葡萄的生理影响。因此，在第一年，用由微生物、海藻和植物提取物组成的生物刺激剂对葡萄藤进行预处理，并与未处理的对照进行比较。在第二年，在两种不同的灌溉方案下评估相同的生物刺激处理：（i）农民灌溉（FI），按照农民的标准进行；（ii）亏缺灌溉方案，即精准灌溉（PI），在该方案中，从转色后期到收获期减少灌溉用水，设定相对于田间持水量允许土壤水分消耗10%的阈值，以尽量减少水分淋失。与FI处理相比，PI处理下各处理的水分输入减少了30%。虽然亏缺灌溉处理明显影响了植物水分状况指标，但生物刺激增强了菌根对根系的定殖，并呈现出新根密度增加的趋势。生物刺激和PI的联合效应被证明是优化可用资源、促进早熟的有效策略。
