Bouillon Grégoire A, Xie Zhuqing, Nielsen Dennis S, Wiese Maria, Nauta Arjen
Section for Food Microbiology, Gut Health and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 26;16(23):4047. doi: 10.3390/nu16234047.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: After birth, mothers provide the best nutrition for the healthy growth and development of their infants and the developing gut microbiota through breastfeeding. When breastfeeding is not or insufficiently available, infant formula is the only safe alternative. The production of infant formula includes heat-processing, which may induce protein glycation. Protein glycation has been shown to reduce protein digestion and absorption. The reduction in protein digestion and absorption because of protein glycation has been speculated to also impact gut comfort parameters as well as overnight sleep.
As this could be partially due to the effect on the bacteria that reside in the infant's gastrointestinal tract, we investigated whether protein glycation in infant formula impacts the composition and activity of infant gut microbiota by performing an study using the CoMiniGut colon model and fecal inocula obtained from a healthy six-month-old term infant. Incubations were performed for 24 h using a predigested infant formula-supplemented medium with varying levels of glycation (6.5-44.5%).
Our data indicate that high protein glycation increases microbial diversity and the relative abundance of from 6.4% of the inoculum to around 25.5% of 20.8% glycation. Interestingly, propionate levels were inversely correlated with protein glycation levels after 24 h of incubation, with the 44.5% blocked lysine sample giving rise to 60% lower propionate levels as compared to the 6.4% sample. Higher propionate levels have been linked with longer uninterrupted sleep overnight, which could be indicative of the underlying mechanism of reduced crying/fussy time during nights for infants fed with a formula containing lower amounts of glycated protein.
背景/目的：出生后，母亲通过母乳喂养为婴儿的健康生长发育以及正在发育的肠道微生物群提供最佳营养。当无法进行母乳喂养或母乳喂养不足时，婴儿配方奶粉是唯一安全的替代品。婴儿配方奶粉的生产包括热处理，这可能会诱导蛋白质糖基化。已表明蛋白质糖基化会降低蛋白质的消化和吸收。据推测，由于蛋白质糖基化导致的蛋白质消化和吸收减少也会影响肠道舒适度参数以及夜间睡眠。
由于这可能部分归因于对婴儿胃肠道中细菌的影响，我们通过使用CoMiniGut结肠模型和从一名健康的六个月足月婴儿获得的粪便接种物进行研究，调查婴儿配方奶粉中的蛋白质糖基化是否会影响婴儿肠道微生物群的组成和活性。使用添加了不同糖基化水平（6.5 - 44.5%）的预消化婴儿配方奶粉补充培养基进行24小时孵育。
我们的数据表明，高蛋白糖基化会增加微生物多样性，并且[具体细菌名称]的相对丰度从接种物的6.4%增加到糖基化水平为20.8%时的约25.5%。有趣的是，孵育24小时后，丙酸盐水平与蛋白质糖基化水平呈负相关，与6.4%的样本相比，44.5%的封闭赖氨酸样本产生的丙酸盐水平低60%。较高的丙酸盐水平与夜间更长时间的不间断睡眠有关，这可能表明对于喂食含较低糖基化蛋白质配方奶粉的婴儿，夜间哭闹/烦躁时间减少的潜在机制。
