Mohammadnezhad Pouya, Valdés Alberto, Cifuentes Alejandro
Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 5;16(23):4210. doi: 10.3390/nu16234210.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The genus has been traditionally used for the treatment of various illnesses, but the potential of var. against different Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks has never been achieved.
In this work, a pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized to extract L. aerial parts and roots. Four different solvents (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate (EtAc), and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)) were first tested, and the extraction yield, total phenolic content, reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity were evaluated.
The results indicated that EtAc and CPME were the best solvents to be used, with the results obtained from the aerial parts being better than those obtained from the root samples. Thereafter, the PLE method was further optimized by combining these solvents in different percentages (100% EtAc, 100% CPME, and 50:50% (/) EtAc:CPME) and temperatures (50, 115, and 180 °C). Response surface methodology was then applied to analyze the data, and two optimum extraction conditions were obtained: EtAc:CPME (79:21%) at 180 °C for the aerial parts and 100% CPME at 180 °C for the roots. At these conditions, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and the inhibitory capacities against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes were also evaluated, indicating that the aerial part extracts had higher TFC and LOX inhibitory capacity than the root extracts but lower activity against BChE. The comprehensive LC/GC-MS chemical characterization allowed for the tentative identification of 222 compounds belonging to 66 chemical subclasses, the abundancies of which widely varied depending on the matrix and the extraction conditions used.
The results obtained together with the application of advanced statistical analysis and molecular docking simulations suggested several sesquiterpenoids, such as selina-3,7(11)-diene, guaiol acetate, α-cyperone, and farnesyl acetate, as the molecules responsible of the in vitro results observed, with good neuroprotective potential against AD.
背景/目的：该属植物传统上用于治疗各种疾病，但[植物名称]变种对不同阿尔茨海默病（AD）特征的治疗潜力尚未得到充分研究。
在本研究中，对加压液体萃取（PLE）方法进行了优化，以提取[植物名称]的地上部分和根部。首先测试了四种不同的溶剂（水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯（EtAc）和环戊基甲基醚（CPME）），并评估了提取率、总酚含量、活性氧清除能力和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制活性。
结果表明，EtAc和CPME是最佳的萃取溶剂，地上部分的萃取效果优于根部。此后，通过将这些溶剂按不同比例（100% EtAc、100% CPME和50:50%（v/v）EtAc:CPME）和温度（50、115和180°C）组合，进一步优化了PLE方法。然后应用响应面法分析数据，得到了两个最佳提取条件：地上部分为180°C下的EtAc:CPME（79:21%），根部为180°C下的100% CPME。在这些条件下，还评估了总黄酮含量（TFC）以及对丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）和脂氧合酶（LOX）的抑制能力，结果表明地上部分提取物的TFC和LOX抑制能力高于根部提取物，但对BChE的活性较低。综合LC/GC-MS化学表征初步鉴定出222种属于66个化学亚类的化合物，其丰度因基质和所用提取条件的不同而有很大差异。
所得结果以及先进的统计分析和分子对接模拟表明，几种倍半萜类化合物，如蛇床-3,7(11)-二烯、愈创木酚乙酸酯、α-香附酮和法呢基乙酸酯，是观察到的体外实验结果的主要活性分子，具有良好的抗AD神经保护潜力。
