Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Guangxi State-Owned Qipo Forest Farm, Nanning, Guangxi, 530225, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Oct;215:108960. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108960. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Flavonoids, a kind of secondary metabolites with both edible, medicinal and antioxidant purposes, could be widely used in food, drug processing, forest products, chemical industry and many other fields. Flavonoid production in plant organs were influenced by numerous internal and external factors at various stages, leading to differential gene expression and transcription factors activity. This study reviews the characteristics of major flavonoids categories, their distribution and accumulation in different plant parts and analyzing their molecular mechanisms. The results showed that: (1) Flavonoids exhibited wide distribution in all parts of the plants, with higher concentrations found in shoots system compared to roots sytem, across most species (predominantly accumulated in leaves and flowers). Plant sex, specific growth and development stages are both impacting indicators; (2) Cultivation methods and abiotic stress could affect plants flavonoid biosynthesis, while inappropriate physical treatments and cultivation methods induced stress in plants, prompting the activation of antioxidant mechanisms for flavonoid synthesis as a defence strategy via indirect pathways; (3) Various key genes and transcription factors collaboratively influenced key enzymes activities and regulate flavonoid biosynthesis, forming a complex regulatory network among these genes and transcription factors; (4) Further studies are required to elucidate whether flavonoid synthesis under various cultivation measures follows direct or indirect pathways. Furthermore, exploring methods for flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation in specific organs or tissues, as well as identifying plant tissues and microorganisms with high efficiency in flavonoid biosynthesis, is essential for achieving targeted cultivation of plants and quantitative flavonoid production.
类黄酮是一种具有食用、药用和抗氧化功能的次生代谢产物，可广泛应用于食品、药品加工、林产品、化工等多个领域。植物器官中的类黄酮生产受到各个阶段众多内外因素的影响，导致基因表达和转录因子活性的差异。本研究综述了主要类黄酮类别的特征、它们在不同植物部位的分布和积累，并分析了它们的分子机制。结果表明：（1）类黄酮在植物的各个部位广泛分布，与根部相比，在茎部系统中浓度更高，在大多数物种中（主要积累在叶片和花朵中）。植物性别、特定生长和发育阶段均是影响因素；（2）栽培方法和非生物胁迫会影响植物类黄酮的生物合成，而不适当的物理处理和栽培方法会导致植物受到胁迫，通过间接途径激活抗氧化机制来合成类黄酮作为防御策略；（3）各种关键基因和转录因子共同影响关键酶的活性，调节类黄酮的生物合成，这些基因和转录因子之间形成复杂的调控网络；（4）需要进一步研究来阐明各种栽培措施下的类黄酮合成是否遵循直接或间接途径。此外，探索特定器官或组织中类黄酮的生物合成和积累方法，以及鉴定具有高效类黄酮生物合成的植物组织和微生物，对于实现植物的靶向栽培和类黄酮的定量生产至关重要。
