Peng Anqi, Hu Peipei, Shi Chutian, Vinturache Angela, Ding Guodong, Zhang Yongjun
Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 9;16(23):4243. doi: 10.3390/nu16234243.
Trace elements (TEs) are essential nutrients for the human body and have a significant impact on fertility and hormone levels in women of reproductive age, underscoring the importance of understanding sociodemographic variations in their concentrations within this population.
To investigate the socio-demographic factors influencing blood concentrations of four essential TEs, including iron, zinc, copper, and selenium among women of reproductive age.
A cross-sectional analysis of women aged 20-44 years was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018. Serum iron data were analyzed for 9211 women across 10 cycles, while serum copper, zinc, and selenium data were available for 1027 women across 3 cycles. Generalized linear and logistic regressions examined the individual associations of socio-demographic factors, including age, race and ethnicity, education, and poverty index ratio, with iron, zinc, copper, and selenium concentrations treated as continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. A qualitative heatmap explored the joint associations between the socio-demographic factors and the four essential TEs.
Reduced iron concentrations and increased risks of insufficiency occurred in older, Black, low-education, or low-income women. Black women were more likely to have lower zinc and selenium concentrations and an increased risk of zinc insufficiency but higher copper concentrations. The qualitative heatmap found that older, Black, low-education, and low-income women generally had lower concentrations of the four TEs, particularly iron (β = -0.10; < 0.01).
Socially disadvantaged women are more likely to present with lower TE concentrations, and these specific population groups should be targeted by replenishment planning by public health initiatives.
微量元素是人体必需的营养素，对育龄女性的生育能力和激素水平有重大影响，这凸显了了解该人群中微量元素浓度的社会人口统计学差异的重要性。
调查影响育龄女性血液中四种必需微量元素（铁、锌、铜和硒）浓度的社会人口学因素。
利用1999 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查对20 - 44岁女性进行横断面分析。分析了10个周期内9211名女性的血清铁数据，以及3个周期内1027名女性的血清铜、锌和硒数据。广义线性回归和逻辑回归分别检验了社会人口学因素（包括年龄、种族和民族、教育程度和贫困指数比）与作为连续和分类结果的铁、锌、铜和硒浓度之间的个体关联。定性热图探讨了社会人口学因素与四种必需微量元素之间的联合关联。
年龄较大、黑人、低教育程度或低收入女性的铁浓度降低且铁缺乏风险增加。黑人女性更有可能锌和硒浓度较低，锌缺乏风险增加，但铜浓度较高。定性热图发现，年龄较大、黑人、低教育程度和低收入女性通常四种微量元素浓度较低，尤其是铁（β = -0.10；P < 0.01）。
社会经济地位不利的女性更有可能出现较低的微量元素浓度，公共卫生举措的补充计划应针对这些特定人群。
